Which of the following statements , regarding the fundamental duties is/are correct ? 1. There is no provision in the Constitution for direct enforcement of any of the duties nor for any sanction to prevent their violation. 2. Duties are obligatory for a citizen and that the state should also strive to achieve the same. 3. The fundamental duties in Article 51A is confined to all persons and not to citizens only. Select the correct answer using the code given below :

Statement 1 is correct as the Constitution contains no provision for the direct enforcement of Fundamental Duties or specific sanctions for their violation [c2][t2]. While they are not legally enforceable through writs like mandamus [t3][t5], they serve as a guide for courts in determining the 'reasonableness' of laws [c2]. Statement 2 is correct; the Supreme Court has held that since these duties are obligatory for citizens, the State should also strive to achieve the same goals [c2]. Statement 3 is incorrect because Article 51A specifically states it shall be the duty of 'every citizen of India' [c1][t3]. Unlike certain Fundamental Rights that extend to all persons (including foreigners), Fundamental Duties are confined strictly to citizens [c1][t8]. Therefore, only statements 1 and 2 are correct.

Sources

1. [1] Introduction to the Constitution of India, D. D. Basu (26th ed.). > Chapter 8: FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTS AND FUNDAMENTAL DUTIES > Fundamental Duties. > p. 161
2. [2] Introduction to the Constitution of India, D. D. Basu (26th ed.). > Chapter 8: FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTS AND FUNDAMENTAL DUTIES > Fundamental Duties. > p. 162