Which of the following statements regarding the Ҥoctrine of cold startҠof the Indian Army is/are correct ? 1. It involves joint operations between Indiaӳ three services and integrated battle groups. 2. It is a defensive doctrine to respond to Pakistani attack on Indian territory. 3. The doctrine was launched in the year 200 4. Select the correct answer using the code given below :

The 'Cold Start' doctrine is a proactive military strategy developed by the Indian Army to enable quick mobilization and limited retaliatory strikes against Pakistan without crossing the nuclear threshold [t1, t2]. Statement 1 is correct as the doctrine envisages high-speed, joint operations involving the three services and the deployment of division-sized Integrated Battle Groups (IBGs) [t3, t4]. Statement 2 is incorrect because Cold Start represents a shift from a fundamentally defensive posture to an offensive, proactive one [t1, t7]. Statement 3 is incorrect because, while formulated after the 2001-02 standoff (Operation Parakram), the doctrine was officially announced or emerged in 2004, not 2003 [t1, t2, t5]. Therefore, only statement 1 is accurate regarding the doctrine's operational structure and joint-service nature.