In which stage of demographic transition is India at present?

India is currently in the late expanding stage (Stage 3) of the demographic transition model. This phase is characterized by a high birth rate (though it is starting to decline) and a falling death rate. This gap between the two rates creates high population growth, a phenomenon often called the transition phase.

• High Birth Rate: While India's birth rate has seen a downward trend since 1981, it remains relatively high compared to Stage 4 (developed) nations due to a large youthful population and socio-cultural factors.
• Falling Death Rate: Rapid improvements in medical science, sanitation, and food security have significantly reduced the mortality rate.

The 2011 Census confirmed that while the growth rate is slowing down, India remains in this transition stage where the decline in death rates outpaces the decline in birth rates.