Statement I : The recent national election results in India are indicative of a transition towards a new region based multi-party coalition system. Statement I : The intensification of competitive politics has changed the party system in India from being a rivalry between national parties into one between alliances and coalition of national and state parties.

Statement I is true as the Indian political landscape has transitioned into a multi-party system where regional parties play a vital role in national governance [4]. Since 1989, the emergence of several parties ensured that no single party consistently secured a clear majority until 2014, necessitating a region-based multi-party coalition system [2]. Statement II is also true and provides the correct explanation for Statement I. The intensification of competitive politics has shifted the party system from a rivalry between national parties to one dominated by alliances like the NDA and UPA [5]. This shift occurred because national parties must now negotiate and build consensus with regional forces to mobilize diverse voter bases and ensure regional representation in national decision-making [4]. Consequently, the competitive nature of modern Indian politics has institutionalized coalitions as the primary vehicle for power, explaining the transition described in Statement I.

Sources

1. [1] Indian Polity, M. Laxmikanth(7th ed.) > Chapter 79: Role of Regional Parties > Role of Regional Parties > p. 569
2. [4] Politics in India since Independence, Textbook in political science for Class XII (NCERT 2025 ed.) > Chapter 8: Recent Developments in Indian Politics > Alliance politics > p. 142
3. [2] Politics in India since Independence, Textbook in political science for Class XII (NCERT 2025 ed.) > Chapter 8: Recent Developments in Indian Politics > Decline of Congress > p. 141
4. [5] https://carnegieendowment.org/research/2024/09/india-election-bjp-party-politics?lang=en