Which of the following were the main influences on Vasudeo Balvant Phadke ? 1. Experience of the Deccan famine of 1876-77 2. Hindu revivalism 3. Theory of Drain of Wealth 4. Reformist idea of Phule Select the correct answer using the code given below:

Vasudeo Balvant Phadke, often called the 'Father of Indian Armed Rebellion', was deeply influenced by the socio-economic distress of his time. The devastating Deccan famine of 1876-77 [4] and the British government's negligent response profoundly impacted him, leading him to organize the Ramosi Peasant Force in 1879 [5]. He was also influenced by the 'Drain of Wealth' theory popularized by Dadabhai Naoroji [2], which explained India's systemic poverty as a result of British exploitation. Furthermore, Phadke was a proponent of Hindu revivalism, seeking to re-establish a Hindu Raj to end foreign rule. While Jyotirao Phule was a contemporary social reformer in Maharashtra [3], his reformist ideas focused on caste abolition and gender equality, which were distinct from Phadke's militant nationalist and revivalist focus. Thus, influences 1, 2, and 3 are correct.

Sources

1. [2] History , class XII (Tamilnadu state board 2024 ed.) > Chapter 1: Rise of Nationalism in India > Famines > p. 3
2. [4] Modern India ,Bipin Chandra, History class XII (NCERT 1982 ed.)[Old NCERT] > Chapter 11: Economic Impact of the British Rule > POVERTY AND FAMINES > p. 195
3. [5] Rajiv Ahir. A Brief History of Modern India (2019 ed.). SPECTRUM. > Chapter 13: First Phase of Revolutionary Activities (1907-1917) > Maharashtra > p. 286
4. [1] Rajiv Ahir. A Brief History of Modern India (2019 ed.). SPECTRUM. > Chapter 9: A General Survey of Socio-Cultural Reform Movements > Satyashodhak Samaj and Jyotiba or Jyotirao Phule > p. 215
5. [3] Modern India ,Bipin Chandra, History class XII (NCERT 1982 ed.)[Old NCERT] > Chapter 7: Social and Cultural Awakening in the First Half of the 19th Century > MODERN INDIA > p. 132