Natural Population Change is calcu¬lated by

Natural population change, also known as the rate of natural increase, is a fundamental demographic measure. It is calculated by subtracting the crude death rate from the crude birth rate [2]. This calculation represents the population growth or decline resulting solely from the balance of births and deaths, excluding the effects of migration [1]. In demography, the crude birth rate (CBR) denotes live births per thousand people, while the crude death rate (CDR) denotes deaths per thousand people [3]. When the birth rate exceeds the death rate, the natural increase is positive, leading to population growth; conversely, if the death rate is higher, the natural increase is negative, indicating a natural decrease [2]. This metric is essential for understanding the demographic transition stages of a country.

Sources

1. [1] FUNDAMENTALS OF HUMAN GEOGRAPHY, CLASS XII (NCERT 2025 ed.) > Chapter 2: The World Population Distribution, Density and Growth > Components of Population Change > p. 9
2. [2] CONTEMPORARY INDIA-I ,Geography, Class IX . NCERT(Revised ed 2025) > Chapter 6: Population > Processes of Population Change/Growth > p. 52
3. [3] https://databank.worldbank.org/metadataglossary/gender-statistics/series/SP.DYN.CBRT.IN