With reference to 'Black Tigers', which of the following statements is/are correct? 1. They are also referred to as Melanistic Tigers 2. In India they are found only in Similipal Tiger Reserve in Odisha

Black tigers are a rare color variant of the Bengal tiger (Panthera tigris) characterized by a genetic mutation that causes an abnormal increase in melanin, leading to broad, merged stripes that obscure the orange fur. This condition is scientifically referred to as pseudo-melanism or melanism [1]. While melanistic tigers have been sporadically reported in other regions historically, current scientific data and government reports confirm that Similipal Tiger Reserve in Odisha is the only habitat in the world where these 'black tigers' are found in the wild [1]. A 2021 study found that approximately 37% of Similipal's tiger population exhibited this trait due to genetic isolation and inbreeding. Recent surveys indicate the population of these melanistic individuals in Similipal has grown to approximately 13 to 18 tigers. Therefore, both statements regarding their nomenclature and exclusive Indian distribution are correct.

Sources

1. [1] https://www.nationalgeographic.com/animals/article/similipal-black-tiger-genetic-mutation