Consider the following statements 1. In India, the Union can legislate on subjects on the State List only during emergency. 2. The words ‘socialist’ and ‘secular ’ were added to the Preamble of the Constitution of India by the 46th Amendment. Which of the statements given above is/ are correct ?

Statement 1 is incorrect because the Union Parliament can legislate on subjects in the State List under several circumstances beyond just an emergency. These include: when the Rajya Sabha passes a resolution in the national interest (Article 249), when two or more states request such legislation (Article 252), and to implement international agreements (Article 253) [c1, t1, t3]. While Article 250 does empower Parliament to legislate on State List matters during a Proclamation of Emergency, it is not the 'only' condition [t3, t7]. Statement 2 is incorrect because the words 'Socialist' and 'Secular' (along with 'Integrity') were added to the Preamble by the 42nd Amendment Act, 1976, not the 46th Amendment [t2, t4, t8]. The 46th Amendment (1982) primarily dealt with tax-related matters like sales tax on works contracts. Therefore, neither statement is correct.

Sources

1. [1] Indian Polity, M. Laxmikanth(7th ed.) > Chapter 92: World Constitutions > CENTRE- STATE LEGISLATIVE . RELATIONS > p. 703
2. [2] https://www.mea.gov.in/Images/pdf1/Part11.pdf
3. [3] https://nios.ac.in/media/documents/srsec317newE/317EL5.pdf