In wildlife conservation, which one among the following best defines an 'endemic' species ?

An endemic species is defined as a native or local species that is confined to a particular geographical region and is not found naturally anywhere else in the world [1]. This restricted distribution is often driven by specific ecological requirements or geographical isolation, such as on remote islands or mountain ranges [2]. While endemic species are frequently at a higher risk of extinction due to their limited range, the term 'endemic' specifically refers to their unique geographic confinement rather than their conservation status alone [1]. In contrast, cosmopolitan species are widely distributed across multiple continents or global habitats [3]. Therefore, the defining characteristic of endemism is the exclusivity of a species to a specific area, making it an irreplaceable part of that region's biological heritage.

Sources

1. [1] Environment and Ecology, Majid Hussain (Access publishing 3rd ed.) > Chapter 12: Major Crops and Cropping Patterns in India > Biotic: Living > p. 108
2. [2] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cosmopolitan_distribution
3. [3] https://www.britannica.com/science/endemic-species