Which one among the following is not a Millennium Development Goal of the United Nations ?

The Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) were eight time-bound targets established following the United Nations Millennium Declaration in 2000, intended for achievement by 2015 [3]. The official list includes: (1) Eradicating extreme poverty and hunger [1], (2) Achieving universal primary education [1], (3) Promoting gender equality and empowering women [4], (4) Reducing child mortality [1], (5) Improving maternal health [2], (6) Combating HIV/AIDS, malaria, and other diseases [4], (7) Ensuring environmental sustainability [2], and (8) Developing a global partnership for development [2]. While the MDGs focused on specific health outcomes like reducing child mortality and improving maternal health, 'reducing birthrate and death rate' was not a standalone goal [2]. General demographic indicators like birthrates are distinct from the targeted health and poverty interventions defined in the MDG framework [4].

Sources

1. [1] Indian Economy, Nitin Singhania .(ed 2nd 2021-22) > Chapter 21: Sustainable Development and Climate Change > Millennium Development Goals > p. 597
2. [3] Indian Economy, Nitin Singhania .(ed 2nd 2021-22) > Chapter 21: Sustainable Development and Climate Change > CHAPTER SUMMARY > p. 607
3. [4] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Millennium_Development_Goals
4. [2] Indian Economy, Nitin Singhania .(ed 2nd 2021-22) > Chapter 21: Sustainable Development and Climate Change > Millennium Development Goals > p. 598