Between 1309 and 1311, Malik Kafur led two campaigns in South India. The significance of the expeditions lies in it that— 1. they reflected a high degree of boldness and spirit of adventure on the part of the Delhi rulers 2. the invaders returned to Delhi with untold wealth 3. they provided fresh geo- graphical knowledge 4. Ala-ud-din promoted Malik Kafur to the rank of Malik' naib or Vice-Regent of the Empire Select the correct answer using the codes given below—

Between 1309 and 1311, Malik Kafur led two major campaigns into South India against the Kakatiyas, Hoysalas, and Pandyas [4]. These expeditions reflected the boldness and spirit of adventure of the Delhi rulers, as they ventured into uncharted territories far from the capital [4]. The invaders returned to Delhi with untold wealth, including enormous booty, treasures, elephants, and horses [3]. These raids provided fresh geographical knowledge of the southern peninsula, which was previously unknown to the Sultanate [3]. Following the success of these campaigns and his demonstrated loyalty, Ala-ud-din Khalji promoted Malik Kafur to the rank of Malik Naib (Vice-Regent), allowing him to exercise supreme authority during the Sultan's illness [2]. Thus, all four statements correctly describe the significance of these historic expeditions.

Sources

1. [1] History , class XI (Tamilnadu state board 2024 ed.) > Chapter 10: Advent of Arabs and Turks > Military Campaigns > p. 143
2. [2] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malik_Kafur
3. [4] History , class XI (Tamilnadu state board 2024 ed.) > Chapter 10: Advent of Arabs and Turks > Ala-ud-din's Successors > p. 144
4. [3] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malik_Kafur%27s_invasion_of_the_Pandya_kingdom