The Government of India Act, 1919—

1. established a bicameral legislature at the Centre
2. introduced dyarchy in the provincial executive
3. introduced a federal system of government in India

Select the correct answer using the codes given below—

The Government of India Act, 1919, also known as the Montagu-Chelmsford Reforms, introduced significant constitutional changes. It established a bicameral legislature at the Centre for the first time, replacing the Indian Legislative Council with the Council of State (Upper House) and the Legislative Assembly (Lower House) [1]. Additionally, it introduced 'Dyarchy' (dual government) in the provincial executive, dividing provincial subjects into 'reserved' and 'transferred' categories [4]. While the Act classified powers between the central and provincial governments and suggested decentralization, it did not establish a federal system of government in India. A formal federal structure was only later proposed by the Government of India Act, 1935. Therefore, statements 1 and 2 are correct, while statement 3 is incorrect, making option 4 the right choice.

Sources

1. [1] Rajiv Ahir. A Brief History of Modern India (2019 ed.). SPECTRUM. > Chapter 26: Constitutional, Administrative and Judicial Developments > Government of India Act, 1919 > p. 509
2. [2] History , class XII (Tamilnadu state board 2024 ed.) > Chapter 4: Advent of Gandhi and Mass Mobilisation > 4.2 Montagu–Chelmsford Reforms > p. 44
3. [3] Introduction to the Constitution of India, D. D. Basu (26th ed.). > Chapter 1: THE HISTORICAL BACKGROUND > Utility of a Historical Retrospect. > p. 5
4. [4] https://www.britannica.com/topic/dyarchy