The Treaty of Bassein (1802) was signed between

The Treaty of Bassein (1802) was signed on December 31, 1802, between Peshwa Baji Rao II and the British East India Company [t1][t4]. Following the death of Nana Fadnavis in 1800, the Maratha confederacy was weakened by internal power struggles between Jaswant Rao Holkar and Daulat Rao Sindhia [t4][t8]. After Holkar defeated the combined forces of the Peshwa and Sindhia at the Battle of Poona in October 1802, Baji Rao II fled to Bassein (Vasai) and sought British protection [t4][t6]. Under the terms of this pact, the Peshwa accepted a Subsidiary Alliance, agreeing to maintain a British subsidiary force and ceding territory for its upkeep [c3][t4]. This treaty effectively made the Peshwa a 'cipher' or 'stooge' of the British, wounding the pride of other Maratha chiefs and directly leading to the Second Anglo-Maratha War [c3][c5][t3].

Sources

1. [1] https://www.britannica.com/event/Treaty-of-Bassein
2. [2] History , class XI (Tamilnadu state board 2024 ed.) > Chapter 15: The Marathas > Anglo-Maratha War (b) The Second Anglo-Maratha War (1803-1806) > p. 234
3. [3] Rajiv Ahir. A Brief History of Modern India (2019 ed.). SPECTRUM. > Chapter 5: Expansion and Consolidation of British Power in India > Background > p. 106