By using which one of the following techniques, is DNA fingerprint done ?

DNA fingerprinting, also known as DNA profiling, primarily utilizes the Southern Blotting technique to identify unique genetic patterns. This method involves digesting DNA with restriction enzymes, separating the resulting fragments via gel electrophoresis, and transferring them to a membrane where labeled probes hybridize with specific repetitive sequences [t3, t6]. These probes target Variable Number Tandem Repeats (VNTRs) or Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphisms (RFLPs) to create a unique "fingerprint" used in criminal investigations and paternity tests [t6, t9]. In contrast, Northern Blotting is used for RNA detection [t1, t4], while ELISA (Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay) and RIA (Radioimmunoassay) are immunoassays used to detect and quantify proteins, antigens, or antibodies rather than genomic profiling [t2, t7, t8]. Southern Blotting remains a foundational molecular biology technique for DNA detection and analysis [t1, t5].

Sources

1. [1] https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0022175999001702
2. [2] https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12133488/