Consider the following events in the history of British India : 1. Santhal rebellion 2. Indigo revolt 3. Sanyasi and Fakir rebellion 4. Birsa Munda rebellion : Which one,of the following is a correct chronological sequence of the above events starting with the earliest ?

The chronological sequence of the rebellions is as follows: The Sanyasi and Fakir rebellion occurred earliest, spanning from approximately 1763 to 1800 in Bengal, triggered by British revenue policies and restrictions on pilgrims [t4, t7, t9]. This was followed by the Santhal rebellion (1855–1856), led by Sidhu and Kanhu against the oppression of zamindars and moneylenders in the Rajmahal hills [c1, c3]. Shortly after, the Indigo revolt (Nil Bidroha) took place in 1859–1860, where peasants in Bengal protested against forced indigo cultivation by European planters [t2, t5, t8]. Finally, the Birsa Munda rebellion (Ulgulan) occurred between 1899 and 1900 in the Chota Nagpur region, aimed at establishing Munda Raj and resisting the erosion of traditional land rights [c2, t2]. Therefore, the correct sequence is 3-1-2-4.

Sources

1. [1] https://www.wbnsou.ac.in/openjournals/Issue/2nd-Issue/July2020/1_Amrita.pdf
2. [2] https://www.britannica.com/event/Sannyasi-Rebellion
3. [3] Rajiv Ahir. A Brief History of Modern India (2019 ed.). SPECTRUM. > Chapter 6: People’s Resistance Against British Before 1857 > The Santhal Rebellion (1855-56) > p. 157
4. [4] Exploring Society:India and Beyond ,Social Science, Class VIII . NCERT(Revised ed 2025) > Chapter 4: The Colonial Era in India > Tribal uprisings > p. 106