What does the author mean by nyaya ?

In the context of Indian political thought and Amartya Sen's 'The Idea of Justice', the term 'nyaya' is distinguished from 'niti'. While 'niti' refers to organizational propriety, behavioral correctness, and the establishment of just institutions, 'nyaya' represents a comprehensive concept of realized justice [t1][t3]. It focuses on the actual lives that people are able to lead and the nature of the world that emerges, rather than just the rules or institutions themselves [t1][t8]. Sen argues that 'nyaya' is inherently linked to democracy and the democratic process, as it involves practical reasoning to reduce injustice in society [t4][t6]. Therefore, 'nyaya' is a concept of justice that combines theoretical frameworks with the actual practices and outcomes of democracy to ensure that 'realized justice' is achieved for all individuals, moving beyond mere 'transcendental institutionalism' [t3][t4].