Which of the following statements about Marrakesh Treaty is/are correct ? 1. The main goal of the treaty is to create a set of mandatory limita- tions and exceptions for the benefits of the blind and visually impaired. 2. India has ratified the treaty. 3. The treaty has come into force from July 201 4. Select the correct answer using the code given below:

The Marrakesh Treaty (2013) is a WIPO-administered treaty designed to address the 'book famine' by establishing mandatory limitations and exceptions to copyright law for the benefit of blind, visually impaired, and print-disabled persons. Statement 1 is correct as its primary goal is to facilitate the creation and cross-border transfer of accessible format copies. Statement 2 is correct; India was the first country to ratify the treaty in June 2014. Statement 3 is incorrect because the treaty entered into force on September 30, 2016, after reaching the required 20 ratifications, not in July 2013 (which was the year of adoption). While the Marrakesh Agreement of 1994 established the WTO [1], it is distinct from this 2013 WIPO treaty. The treaty represents a significant shift in international intellectual property law toward human rights and accessibility.

Sources

1. [1] Indian Economy, Vivek Singh (7th ed. 2023-24) > Chapter 13: International Organizations > Uruguay/ Eighth Round (Sept 1986 - April 1994) > p. 377