Consider the following statements about Karewas : 1. These are the lacustrine deposits of Pleistocene period. 2. These are found along the lower slopes of Pir Panjal. 3. Karewas are well known for the cultivation of saffron, almond and walnut. How many of the above statements is/are correct?

Karewas are distinctive lacustrine deposits formed during the Pleistocene period when the entire Kashmir Valley was submerged under water [2]. These formations consist of silt, sand, clay, and bouldery-gravel [3]. Geologically, they are found as flat-topped mounds or terraces bordering the valley and are extensively exposed along the lower slopes and flanks of the Pir Panjal range due to tectonic uplift [4]. Economically, Karewas are of immense significance as they provide highly fertile soil, particularly the loess-rich upper layers. They are the primary sites for the world-famous cultivation of saffron, especially in areas like Pampore [3]. Additionally, these plateaus host extensive orchards of almond, walnut, apple, and peach, making them a vital livelihood asset for the region [3]. All three statements are therefore correct.

Sources

1. [1] Geography of India ,Majid Husain, (McGrawHill 9th ed.) > Chapter 1: Geological Structure and formation of India > THE QUATERNARY PERIOD (THE PLEISTOCENE AND RECENT FORMATIONS) > p. 23
2. [2] Geography of India ,Majid Husain, (McGrawHill 9th ed.) > Chapter 6: Soils > 13. Karewa Soil > p. 13
3. [3] Geography of India ,Majid Husain, (McGrawHill 9th ed.) > Chapter 2: Physiography > 1. The Kashmir Himalaya > p. 14
4. [4] https://cgwb.gov.in/cgwbpnm/public/uploads/documents/1748241612866910089file.pdf