By which one of the following Constitutional Amendment Acts, was the Article 21A (Right to Education) inserted into the Constitution of India?

The Constitution (Eighty-sixth Amendment) Act, 2002, was the landmark legislation that inserted Article 21A into the Constitution of India [1]. This amendment established the Right to Education as a Fundamental Right, mandating that the State provide free and compulsory education to all children between the ages of six and fourteen [1]. Before this amendment, education was primarily addressed under the Directive Principles of State Policy in Article 45 [1]. The 86th Amendment also revised Article 45 to focus on early childhood care for children below six years and amended Article 51A to include a new Fundamental Duty for parents and guardians to provide educational opportunities to their children [1]. While the 83rd Amendment Bill of 1997 initially proposed these changes, it was the 86th Amendment Act of 2002 that formally enacted them into the constitutional framework [1].

Sources

1. [1] https://www.education.gov.in/sites/upload_files/mhrd/files/upload_document/amend86.pdf