In which one among the following mediums would the speed of sound be maximum?

The speed of sound in a liquid medium is determined by its density and elastic properties, specifically its bulk modulus. Sound travels faster in media that are less compressible and more elastic. In saltwater (sea water), the presence of dissolved salts increases the density and slightly modifies the elastic properties compared to fresh or distilled water. Consequently, sound travels at approximately 1500 m/s in sea water, whereas it travels at about 1435 m/s to 1480 m/s in fresh or distilled water. Drinking water, being fresh water with minimal mineral content, has a speed similar to distilled water. Methanol, an organic liquid, has a significantly lower bulk modulus and density, resulting in a much lower sound speed (approximately 1100 m/s). Therefore, sea water provides the maximum speed among the given options due to its higher salinity and density.

Sources

1. [1] Physical Geography by PMF IAS, Manjunath Thamminidi, PMF IAS (1st ed.) > Chapter 5: Earths Magnetic Field (Geomagnetic Field) > Why Do Sound Waves Travel Faster In A Denser Medium Whereas Light Travels Slower? > p. 64