Which of the following statements about the Ghadar Movement is/are correct ? 1. The Ghadar Movement began in 1913 in San Francisco. 2. The movement was founded by Sohan Singh Bhakna. 3. The Ghadar Movement took its name from the weekly Ghadar brought out in several Indian languages. Select the answer using the code given below :

The Ghadar Movement was a revolutionary international political movement founded in 1913 in San Francisco, USA [2]. It was established by Indian expatriates, primarily Punjabi immigrants, to overthrow British rule in India [1]. The movement was founded by Sohan Singh Bhakna, who served as its first president, alongside intellectual leaders like Lala Hardayal [3]. The organization was originally known as the Pacific Coast Hindustan Association but became popularly known as the Ghadar Party after its weekly journal, 'Ghadar' [1]. This newspaper began publication on November 1, 1913, in San Francisco and was subsequently published in several Indian languages, including Urdu, Punjabi, and Hindi, to spread revolutionary ideology among the Indian diaspora [1]. Consequently, all three statements regarding its origin, leadership, and nomenclature are historically accurate.

Sources

1. [1] History , class XII (Tamilnadu state board 2024 ed.) > Chapter 3: Impact of World War I on Indian Freedom Movement > Morley > p. 35
2. [2] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ghadar_Movement
3. [3] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sohan_Singh_Bhakna