According to the Constitution of India, which of the following are fundamental for the governance of the country?

According to Article 37 of the Constitution of India, the Directive Principles of State Policy (DPSP) are explicitly described as 'fundamental in the governance of the country' [3]. While these principles are non-justiciable, meaning they are not enforceable by any court, the Constitution mandates that it shall be the duty of the State to apply these principles when making laws [3]. They represent the social and economic vision of the framers and serve as 'instruments of instruction' to the government [2]. In contrast, Fundamental Rights (Part III) are justiciable rights that act as limitations on State action, and Fundamental Duties (Part IVA) are moral obligations for citizens added later via the 42nd Amendment [4]. Therefore, the specific constitutional phrase 'fundamental for the governance' refers uniquely to the Directive Principles [3].

Sources

1. [3] Exploring Society:India and Beyond ,Social Science-Class VII . NCERT(Revised ed 2025) > Chapter 10: The Constitution of India — An Introduction > LET'S REMEMBER > p. 220
2. [1] Indian Polity, M. Laxmikanth(7th ed.) > Chapter 9: Directive Principles of State Policy > SANCTION BEHIND DIRECTIVE PRINCIPLES > p. 111
3. [2] https://www.mea.gov.in/images/pdf1/part4.pdf
4. [4] Introduction to the Constitution of India, D. D. Basu (26th ed.). > Chapter 9: Directive Principles of State Policy > DIRECTIVE PRINCIPLES OF STATE POLICY > p. 179