Among the following ideals and philosophy, identify those enshrined in the Preamble to the Constitution of India. 1. Sovereign democratic republic 2. Socialism and secularism 3. Capitalism and free trade Select the correct answer using the code given below :

The Preamble to the Constitution of India explicitly defines the nature of the Indian State as a 'Sovereign Socialist Secular Democratic Republic' [2]. Statement 1 is correct as 'Sovereign', 'Democratic', and 'Republic' have been part of the Preamble since its adoption. Statement 2 is also correct; although not in the original 1949 text, the terms 'Socialist' and 'Secular' were formally enshrined through the 42nd Constitutional Amendment Act of 1976. Statement 3 is incorrect because 'Capitalism' and 'Free Trade' are not mentioned in the Preamble. While India follows a mixed economy where the private sector coexists with the public sector, the Preamble specifically emphasizes 'Socialism'—specifically democratic socialism—and 'Social, Economic and Political Justice' rather than capitalist ideals [1]. Therefore, only ideals 1 and 2 are enshrined in the Preamble.

Sources

1. [1] Introduction to the Constitution of India, D. D. Basu (26th ed.). > Chapter 3: THE PHILOSOPHY OF THE CONSTITUTION > EVERY Constitution has a philosophy of its own. > p. 22
2. [2] Indian Polity, M. Laxmikanth(7th ed.) > Chapter 5: Preamble of the Constitution > INGREDIENTS OF THE PREAMBLE > p. 42