Assertion (A) : Bangalore receives much higher average annual rainfall than that of Mangalore. Reason (R) : Bangalore has the benefit of receiving rainfall both from south-west and north-east monsoons.

Assertion (A) is false: authoritative data show Mangalore’s annual rainfall (~3400 mm) is much greater than Bangalore’s (~900 mm), so Bangalore does not receive higher average rainfall than Mangalore. Reason (R) is essentially true: Bangalore receives the southwest monsoon and also some post-monsoon (northeast/retreating monsoon) rains, but this dual contribution is relatively small and does not make its annual total exceed Mangalore’s. The primary cause of the large coastal rainfall at Mangalore is orographic uplift of the SW monsoon on the windward Western Ghats; Bangalore lies east of the Ghats in a rain-shadow and therefore gets much less rainfall [1]. Hence A is false while R is true (option 4).

Sources

1. [1] INDIA PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT, Geography Class XI (NCERT 2025 ed.) > Chapter 4: Climate > Monsoon Winds of the Arabian Sea > p. 35
2. [2] Geography of India ,Majid Husain, (McGrawHill 9th ed.) > Chapter 4: Climate of India > RAINFALL DISTRIBUTION > p. 30