The Bolshevik Revolution started in Russia during the reign of

The Bolshevik Revolution, also known as the October Revolution, occurred in 1917 during the reign of Czar Nicholas II. Nicholas II, the last monarch of the Romanov dynasty, ascended the throne in 1894 following the death of his father, Alexander III [4]. His reign was marked by internal unrest, including the 1905 Revolution triggered by 'Bloody Sunday' and the disastrous Russo-Japanese War [2]. The pressures of World War I and widespread economic hardship eventually led to the February Revolution in 1917, forcing Nicholas II to abdicate [3]. This created a power vacuum filled by a weak Provisional Government, which was subsequently overthrown by the Bolsheviks, led by Vladimir Lenin, in October/November 1917. While Alexander II and Alexander III were his predecessors, it was under Nicholas II's rule that the imperial autocracy collapsed, paving the way for the Bolshevik rise to power [1].

Sources

1. [1] India and the Contemporary World - I. History-Class IX . NCERT(Revised ed 2025) > Chapter 2: Socialism in Europe and the Russian Revolution > 1905 > p. 38
2. [4] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/October_Revolution
3. [2] History , class XII (Tamilnadu state board 2024 ed.) > Chapter 13: Imperialism and its Onslaught > Autocracy of the Tsar Nicholas II > p. 207
4. [3] History , class XII (Tamilnadu state board 2024 ed.) > Chapter 13: Imperialism and its Onslaught > Takeover by the Bolshevik Party under Lenin's leadership > p. 208