Consider the following crops : 1. Cotton 2. Groundnut 3. Maize 4. Mustard Which of the above are Kharif crops?

Cotton, groundnut and maize are Kharif (monsoon) crops sown with the onset of the southwest monsoon and harvested at its withdrawal. Authoritative descriptions list maize and groundnut among the main Kharif crops [1], and cotton is explicitly cited as a Kharif/monsoon crop example [2]. Maize, while adaptable to multiple seasons, is cultivated mainly as a Kharif crop in India and is sown with the onset of monsoon in rainfed areas for best results [3]. By contrast, mustard is characteristically a Rabi (winter) crop sown after the monsoon and harvested in spring, and is listed among typical Rabi crops. Therefore items 1, 2 and 3 are Kharif crops.

Sources

1. [1] Indian Economy, Nitin Singhania .(ed 2nd 2021-22) > Chapter 9: Agriculture > rightarrow Kharif crop > p. 290
2. [2] Environment, Shankar IAS Acedemy .(ed 10th) > Chapter 25: Agriculture > 1.2. z. Classification Based on Growing Season > p. 352
3. [3] Environment and Ecology, Majid Hussain (Access publishing 3rd ed.) > Chapter 12: Major Crops and Cropping Patterns in India > Time of Sowing > p. 25