Consider the following crops : 1. Cotton 2. Groundnut 3. Rice 4. Wheat Which of these are Kharif crops?

In India, the agricultural calendar is primarily divided into the Kharif and Rabi seasons. Kharif crops are monsoon-dependent, typically sown between June and July and harvested in September-October [3]. According to the provided evidence, Rice is the most significant Kharif crop [3]. Cotton and Groundnut are also explicitly classified as Kharif crops because they require warm, humid conditions and significant rainfall during their growth period [3]. In contrast, Wheat is a major Rabi crop, sown in the winter (October-March) and harvested in the spring, as it thrives in cooler, drier climates [3]. Therefore, Cotton (1), Groundnut (2), and Rice (3) are Kharif crops, while Wheat (4) is not. This makes option 3 (1, 2, and 3) the correct choice.

Sources

1. [2] Indian Economy, Nitin Singhania .(ed 2nd 2021-22) > Chapter 9: Agriculture > rightarrow Kharif crop > p. 290
2. [3] Environment, Shankar IAS Acedemy .(ed 10th) > Chapter 25: Agriculture > 1.2. z. Classification Based on Growing Season > p. 352
3. [1] Geography of India ,Majid Husain, (McGrawHill 9th ed.) > Chapter 9: Agriculture > 3. Predominance of Food Grains > p. 7