Consider the following items. I. Proteins, carbohydrates and fats II. Vitamins III. Minerals IV. Water Which of the above are considered as the constituents of food?

Food is composed of several essential substances known as nutrients, which are required for growth, energy, and physiological maintenance. These constituents are broadly classified into macronutrients and micronutrients. Proteins, carbohydrates, and fats are the primary macronutrients required in large quantities to provide energy and support tissue repair [t3, t7]. Vitamins and minerals are classified as micronutrients; although needed in smaller amounts, they are vital for regulating body functions, building bones, and preventing diseases [t2, t6]. Additionally, water is a critical constituent of food and a major nutrient group essential for survival and metabolic processes [c2, t9]. Comprehensive nutritional classifications consistently list all six—carbohydrates, proteins, fats, vitamins, minerals, and water—as the main nutritional components of food [t10]. Therefore, all four items listed are considered constituents of food.

Sources

1. [1] Science-Class VII . NCERT(Revised ed 2025) > Chapter 10: Life Processes in Plants > Life Processes in Plants 10 > p. 137
2. [2] https://www.chp.gov.hk/en/static/100022.html