Consider the following statements about Vijayanagara Empire : 1. Vijayanagar was noted for its markets dealing in spices, textiles and precious stones. 2. Krishnadeva Raya’s rule was characterised by the strain within the imperial structure. 3.The amara-nayakas were military commanders who were given territories to govern by the Rayas. Which of the statements given above is/are correct ?

Statement 1 is correct as Vijayanagara was renowned for its vibrant markets dealing in spices, textiles, and precious stones, which were considered status symbols for the wealthy population [t2][t9][t10]. Statement 3 is also correct; the amara-nayakas were military commanders who received territories (amaram) from the Rayas to govern, collect taxes, and maintain military contingents [c1][t1][t5]. However, Statement 2 is incorrect. Krishnadeva Raya's rule (1509–1529) was characterized by expansion, consolidation, and unparalleled peace and prosperity [c2][t2]. The strain within the imperial structure and challenges from rebellious nayakas only became prominent after his death in 1529, leading to the eventual shift in power to the Aravidu dynasty [c2]. Therefore, only statements 1 and 3 are accurate descriptions of the empire's peak and administrative system.

Sources

1. [1] THEMES IN INDIAN HISTORY PART II, History CLASS XII (NCERT 2025 ed.) > Chapter 7: An Imperial Capital: Vijayanagara > 2.3 The rayas and the nayakas > p. 175
2. [2] THEMES IN INDIAN HISTORY PART II, History CLASS XII (NCERT 2025 ed.) > Chapter 7: An Imperial Capital: Vijayanagara > 2.2 The apogee and decline of the empire > p. 173
3. [3] https://egyankosh.ac.in/bitstream/123456789/68908/3/Unit-4.pdf
4. [4] https://ncert.nic.in/textbook/pdf/lehs203.pdf