The correct sequence of different layers of the atmosphere from the surface of the Earth upwards is

Standard altitude-based classification places the lowest layers in order as the troposphere, then the stratosphere, then the mesosphere (followed by the thermosphere and exosphere) [1]. The ionosphere is not a distinct contiguous layer in that primary temperature-based scheme but is a region of ionized particles that occurs above the mesosphere within the thermosphere (roughly ~80–400 km), i.e. it lies above the mesosphere [2]. Some pedagogical sources list the ionosphere separately when discussing charged-particle regions, but its altitude position is above the mesosphere, so among the given options the upward sequence Troposphere → Stratosphere → Mesosphere → Ionosphere is the correct choice [3].

Sources

1. [1] Physical Geography by PMF IAS, Manjunath Thamminidi, PMF IAS (1st ed.) > Chapter 20: Earths Atmosphere > 20.2. Structure of The Earth's Atmosphere > p. 274
2. [2] https://ncert.nic.in/textbook/pdf/gess204.pdf
3. [3] Environment and Ecology, Majid Hussain (Access publishing 3rd ed.) > Chapter 1: BASIC CONCEPTS OF ENVIRONMENT AND ECOLOGY > atmosphErE. > p. 6