Match List I (Industrial processes) with List II (Industry with which associated) and select the correct answer using the codes given below the Lists

List I | List II
I. Cracking | (A) Rubber
II. Smelting | (B) Petroleum
III. Hydrogenation | (C) Copper
IV. Vulcanization | (D) Edible fats

The correct answer is Option 2 (I-B, II-C, III-D, IV-A). This matching correctly aligns specific chemical and metallurgical processes with their respective industries:

• I-B (Cracking - Petroleum): Cracking is a crucial refinery process where complex organic molecules (heavy hydrocarbons) are broken down into simpler molecules like gasoline and ethane.
• II-C (Smelting - Copper): Smelting is a metallurgical process used to extract base metals from their ores. For copper, it involves heating the ore with a chemical reducing agent to isolate the pure metal.
• III-D (Hydrogenation - Edible fats): Hydrogenation is the chemical addition of hydrogen to unsaturated vegetable oils (liquid) to turn them into saturated fats (solid/semi-solid), commonly used in making margarine or vanaspati ghee.
• IV-A (Vulcanization - Rubber): This process involves heating raw rubber with sulfur to improve its elasticity, hardness, and durability.

Options 1, 3, and 4 are incorrect because they mismatch these fundamental industrial applications, such as incorrectly linking smelting to petroleum or cracking to copper.