The power of the Supreme Court of India to decide disputes between the Centre and the States falls under its

The Supreme Court’s power to decide disputes between the Centre and the States falls under its original jurisdiction. The Court’s jurisdiction is classified into original, appellate and advisory branches, and its exclusive original jurisdiction extends to disputes between the Government of India and one or more States or between two or more States when the dispute involves a question on which the existence or extent of a legal right depends [1]. This constitutional grant is provided by Article 131, which explicitly vests original jurisdiction in the Supreme Court to adjudicate such inter‑governmental disputes, to the exclusion of any other court [2].

Sources

1. [1] https://www.sci.gov.in/jurisdiction/
2. [2] https://api.sci.gov.in/supremecourt/2020/28558/28558_2020_5_1501_44362_Order_11-May-2023.pdf