Statement I : Bats can catch their prey in the darkness of night. Statement II: Bats can produce and also detect ultrasound.

Bats are nocturnal mammals that hunt and navigate in complete darkness [2]. Statement I is true because bats can successfully catch prey at night using a biological sonar system known as echolocation [1]. Statement II is also true as bats produce short, high-frequency ultrasonic sound pulses—frequencies above the range of human hearing—and possess ears finely tuned to detect the returning echoes [5]. This mechanism provides the correct explanation for Statement I: by emitting ultrasound and analyzing the time delay and intensity of the echoes bouncing off objects, bats can precisely locate, track, and intercept moving prey like insects in the absence of light [4]. While some bats also use vision, ultrasound is their primary sensory tool for hunting in dark environments [5]. Therefore, both statements are true, and Statement II explains Statement I.

Sources

1. [2] Environment, Shankar IAS Acedemy .(ed 10th) > Chapter 9: Indian Biodiversity Diverse Landscape > 0c yoq know? :::..:: .:,:: > p. 158
2. [1] https://www.pnas.org/doi/10.1073/pnas.1419943112
3. [3] https://www.nps.gov/subjects/bats/echolocation.htm
4. [5] https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/sciadv.abf1367
5. [4] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Animal_echolocation