Statement I : Mahatma Gandhi launched the Rowlatt Satyagraha as an all-India mass protest. Statement II : Rowlatt Act was passed by the British Government in 1919 to authorize the government to imprison any person wi thout trial.

Statement I is true as Mahatma Gandhi launched the Rowlatt Satyagraha in 1919 as his first major all-India campaign against the British [3]. While his previous movements like Champaran and Kheda were localized, the Rowlatt Satyagraha was a countrywide protest involving hartals and rallies [1]. Statement II is also true; the Rowlatt Act (officially the Anarchical and Revolutionary Crimes Act) was passed in March 1919 to empower the government to detain political prisoners without trial for up to two years [1]. Statement II provides the correct explanation for Statement I because the 'unjust' and 'repressive' nature of the Act—specifically the denial of legal trial—was the direct provocation that led Gandhi to organize the Satyagraha as a mass protest against such 'Black Acts' [1].

Sources

1. [1] India and the Contemporary World – II. History-Class X . NCERT(Revised ed 2025) > Chapter 2: Nationalism in India > 1.2 The Rowlatt Act > p. 31
2. [3] https://ncert.nic.in/textbook/pdf/lehs303.pdf