Under the Constitution of India, which one of the following is not a fundamental duty?

Under the Constitution of India, Fundamental Duties are enumerated in Article 51A (Part IVA), which was added by the 42nd Amendment Act in 1976 [1]. The list of eleven duties includes abiding by the Constitution and respecting its ideals [1], developing a scientific temper, humanism, and the spirit of inquiry, and safeguarding public property while abjuring violence. While the Swaran Singh Committee originally suggested making the payment of taxes a duty and some have proposed including the duty to vote, 'to vote in public elections' is currently not listed as a Fundamental Duty under Article 51A [1]. Voting is considered a constitutional or legal right rather than a fundamental duty. Therefore, option 1 is the correct answer as it is the only item not part of the codified list of duties.

Sources

1. [1] Introduction to the Constitution of India, D. D. Basu (26th ed.). > Chapter 8: FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTS AND FUNDAMENTAL DUTIES > Fundamental Duties. > p. 161