Under the Kingdom Plantae, which of the following individuals are predominantly aquatic?

Under the Kingdom Plantae, Algae are characterized as chlorophyll-bearing, simple, thalloid, and autotrophic organisms that are predominantly aquatic, inhabiting both freshwater and marine environments [2]. While they can occur in moist stones or soils, their primary existence is water-based. In contrast, Bryophytes are considered the 'amphibians' of the plant kingdom; although they require water for sexual reproduction, they are primarily terrestrial plants found in moist, shaded areas. Pteridophytes are also largely terrestrial, flourishing in moist and shady places, with only a few species being aquatic [1]. Gymnosperms are seed-bearing vascular plants that are almost exclusively terrestrial. Therefore, among the listed groups of the Kingdom Plantae, Algae is the group that is predominantly aquatic [2].

Sources

1. [2] Environment, Shankar IAS Acedemy .(ed 10th) > Chapter 9: Indian Biodiversity Diverse Landscape > 1. Algae > p. 156
2. [1] Environment, Shankar IAS Acedemy .(ed 10th) > Chapter 9: Indian Biodiversity Diverse Landscape > 6. Pteridophytes > p. 157