Which among the following statements about the Jallianwala bagh massacre is/are correct? 1. In Jallianwala bagh troops opened fire upon an unarmed crowd 2. The troops were under the command of General Dyer 3. The troops did not issue any warning to the people before opening fire Select the correct answer using the code given below:

The Jallianwala Bagh massacre occurred on April 13, 1919, in Amritsar. Statement 1 is correct as British troops opened fire on a large, unarmed crowd of men, women, and children who had gathered for a peaceful protest and the Baisakhi festival [3]. Statement 2 is correct as the troops were under the direct command of Brigadier-General Reginald Dyer, who ordered the firing to 'produce a moral effect' [3]. Statement 3 is also correct; historical records and reports confirm that Dyer blocked the only exit point and ordered his men to fire immediately without issuing any warning or instruction to disperse [2]. Dyer later considered a warning unnecessary as he believed the crowd was in breach of his proclamation [1]. Since all three statements are historically accurate, the correct answer is 1, 2, and 3.

Sources

1. [2] Rajiv Ahir. A Brief History of Modern India (2019 ed.). SPECTRUM. > Chapter 15: Emergence of Gandhi > Satyagraha Against the Rowlatt Act— First Mass Strike > p. 323
2. [3] India and the Contemporary World – II. History-Class X . NCERT(Revised ed 2025) > Chapter 2: Nationalism in India > Activity > p. 32
3. [1] Modern India ,Bipin Chandra, History class XII (NCERT 1982 ed.)[Old NCERT] > Chapter 15: Struggle for Swaraj > MODERN INDIA > p. 268