Which of the following Constitutional Amendments have added Article 15(5) in the Constitution of India providing for reservation in educational institutions in the private sector also?

The 93rd Constitutional Amendment Act, 2005, inserted Article 15(5) into the Constitution of India [t3][t5]. This specific clause empowers the State to make special provisions for the advancement of socially and educationally backward classes (OBCs), Scheduled Castes (SCs), and Scheduled Tribes (STs) regarding their admission to educational institutions [t2][t5]. Crucially, this includes private educational institutions, whether they are aided or unaided by the State, with the exception of minority educational institutions [t3][t8]. The amendment was enacted to overcome the legal hurdles created by Supreme Court judgments that had previously restricted the government's power to impose reservation policies on private unaided academic centers [t3]. Other options like the 81st Amendment dealt with backlog vacancies, the 86th with the Right to Education, and the 91st with the size of the Council of Ministers [c3][c4].

Sources

1. [1] Introduction to the Constitution of India, D. D. Basu (26th ed.). > Chapter 9: Directive Principles of State Policy > DIRECTIVE PRINCIPLES OF STATE POLICY > p. 179
2. [2] Indian Polity, M. Laxmikanth(7th ed.) > Chapter 92: World Constitutions > APPENDIX IV Constitutional Amendments at a Glance > p. 723