Which of the following is/are instance(s) of violation of human rights ? 1. A person was detained by the security forces while going for casting vote in Parliamentary Election. 2. A civilian was killed by the army while undertaking combing operation. Select the correct answer using the code given below : Code :

Both statements represent clear violations of human rights. Statement 1 involves the arbitrary detention of a citizen while exercising their democratic right to vote. Human rights frameworks and international standards categorize arbitrary arrest and detention without legal justification as violations of personal liberty [c1][t2][t5]. Specifically, preventing a citizen from voting through detention infringes upon political participation rights [t5]. Statement 2 involves the killing of a civilian by the army during a combing operation. The right to life is a fundamental human right, and any extrajudicial or unlawful killing by security forces—regardless of the nature of the operation—constitutes a grave violation [c1][t1][t8]. International reports consistently classify such 'arbitrary and unlawful killings' by government forces as human rights issues [t1][t4]. Therefore, both the deprivation of liberty to prevent voting and the loss of civilian life during military operations are recognized instances of human rights violations.

Sources

1. [1] Democratic Politics-I. Political Science-Class IX . NCERT(Revised ed 2025) > Chapter 5: DEMOCRATIC RIGHTS > Right to Freedom > p. 82
2. [2] https://www.state.gov/report/custom/978a8862c8
3. [3] https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/news/2025/12/tanzania-security-forces-used-unlawful-lethal-force-in-election-protest-crackdown-and-took-away-dead-bodies/