Which of the following statements regarding Indian federal system is/are correct? 1. All States have equal represen¬tation in the Rajya Sabha. 2. Consent of a State is not required for altering its boundaries. 3. There is no dual citizenship in India. Select the correct answer using the code given below.

The Indian federal system is characterized by a 'Union of States' with specific features. Statement 1 is incorrect because seats in the Rajya Sabha are allotted based on population rather than equal representation for all states [3]. For example, Uttar Pradesh has 31 seats while smaller states like Sikkim have only one. Statement 2 is correct; under Article 3, Parliament can alter state boundaries without the consent of the concerned state, as the views expressed by the state legislature are not binding on the President or Parliament. Statement 3 is correct; despite being a federal polity, the Indian Constitution provides for only single citizenship (Indian citizenship) and does not recognize dual citizenship [5]. The Overseas Citizenship of India (OCI) is merely a form of permanent residency and is not legally recognized as dual citizenship [6].

Sources

1. [2] Laxmikanth, M. Indian Polity. 7th ed., McGraw Hill. > Chapter 23: Parliament > Composition of Rajya Sabha > p. 223
2. [3] Indian Polity, M. Laxmikanth(7th ed.) > Chapter 7: Citizenship > SINGLE CITIZENSHIP > p. 61
3. [4] Indian Polity, M. Laxmikanth(7th ed.) > Chapter 14: Federal System > 7. Single Citizenship > p. 140
4. [5] https://www.cgiauckland.gov.in/page/new-fresh-oci-card/
5. [6] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Overseas_Citizenship_of_India