Which one of the following cities is not a former capital of the given country (country given in the brackets)?

Brisbane is not a former national capital of Australia. The Australian federal capital was purpose-built: in 1911 it was announced that Canberra would be constructed as the national capital (the federal government sat temporarily elsewhere), so Brisbane never served as Australia’s national capital [1]. By contrast, Karachi, Auckland and Kyoto have all served as national or imperial seats in their countries’ histories and are recorded among former national capitals in reference compilations of historical capitals [2]. Therefore option 4 (Brisbane) is the city that is not a former capital of the country given.

Sources

1. [1] Themes in world history, History Class XI (NCERT 2025 ed.) > Chapter 6: Displacing Indigenous Peoples > ACTIVITY 4 > p. 150
2. [2] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_former_national_capitals