Which one of the following periodicals was published by Mahatma Gandhi during his stay in South Africa ?

During his stay in South Africa (1893–1914), Mahatma Gandhi founded the periodical 'Indian Opinion' in 1903 [c2][t3]. Published in Durban, Natal, the newspaper served as a vital tool for the political movement and the Natal Indian Congress, which Gandhi established to unite Indians against discriminatory British colonial laws [c2][t2]. The publication was instrumental in chronicling the genesis of 'Satyagraha' (non-violent resistance) and educating both the Indian and European communities about the plight of indentured laborers and racial restrictions like the mandatory identity cards [c4][t4]. While Gandhi was later associated with 'Navjivan', that periodical was published in India after his return [t9]. 'Indian Opinion' remained a primary communication organ for the civil rights struggle in South Africa for decades, fostering a sense of national identity among the Indian diaspora [t3][t4].

Sources

1. [1] Rajiv Ahir. A Brief History of Modern India (2019 ed.). SPECTRUM. > Chapter 15: Emergence of Gandhi > Moderate Phase of Struggle (1894-1906) > p. 312
2. [2] Rajiv Ahir. A Brief History of Modern India (2019 ed.). SPECTRUM. > Chapter 15: Emergence of Gandhi > Congress View > p. 327