In which one of the following Sessions was the Indian National Congress split into Moderates and Extremists ?

The Indian National Congress split into two factions, the Moderates and the Extremists, during the Surat Session of 1907 [1][t1]. The tension between these groups escalated over ideological differences and the choice of the session's president. The Extremists, led by figures like Tilak, wanted the session in Nagpur and advocated for radical methods like boycotts and swadeshi [c1][t4]. Conversely, the Moderates shifted the venue to Surat to prevent Tilak from presiding and sought to maintain constitutional methods under the presidency of Rashbehari Ghosh [c1][c2]. The session was marked by chaos and violent clashes, leading to a formal schism where the Moderates retained control of the Congress while the Extremists were excluded [t4][t5]. This division, known as the 'Surat Split', lasted until the two wings were eventually reunited during the Lucknow Session in 1916 [c4][c5].

Sources

1. [1] Rajiv Ahir. A Brief History of Modern India (2019 ed.). SPECTRUM. > Chapter 12: Era of Militant Nationalism (1905-1909) > Split Takes Place > p. 274