Which one of the following statements is NO'f con ect ?

Statement 2 is incorrect because it defines 'heat capacity' rather than 'specific heat capacity'. Specific heat capacity is the amount of heat required to raise the temperature of a unit mass (e.g., 1 kg) of a substance by one degree Celsius or Kelvin. Heat capacity, by contrast, is the heat required for the entire mass of the object. Statement 1 is correct; in conduction, heat is transferred through molecular interactions or vibrations without the particles moving from their fixed positions [2]. Statement 3 is correct as convection is the primary mode of heat transfer in fluids (liquids and gases) through the actual movement of particles [2]. Statement 4 is correct; radiation involves heat transfer via electromagnetic waves and does not require a material medium, meaning it can transfer heat without warming the intervening space [2].

Sources

1. [1] Science-Class VII . NCERT(Revised ed 2025) > Chapter 7: Heat Transfer in Nature > In a Nutshell > p. 101
2. [2] Science-Class VII . NCERT(Revised ed 2025) > Chapter 7: Heat Transfer in Nature > Why is it more comfortable to wear white or light-coloured clothes during summers and dark-coloured clothes during winters? > p. 97