Future Economy and Integrated Governance 2025-26: UPSC Current Affairs Analysis & Study Strategy

In-Depth Analysis

The Big Picture

The 2025-2026 policy landscape reveals a fundamental shift from general sectoral support to 'deep-infrastructure' integration. The government is moving beyond providing services to building standardized, digital-first ecosystems for high-tech manufacturing, internal security, and traditional medicine. This transformation reflects an 'Integrated Governance' model where technology (DPI, forensics, surveillance) and standardization (Common ATS, unified medical standards) are the primary tools to solve complex challenges like zoonotic diseases, terror-tech, and supply chain vulnerabilities.

Cross-Theme Insight

When viewed together, these threads reveal a 'Double-Securitization' strategy: strengthening 'Hard Security' (Standardized ATS, Forensic Infrastructure, and NIA-led counter-terror grids) while simultaneously building 'Economic Security' (Sintered Rare Earth Magnets, EV supply chains, and Blue Economy). For instance, the MHA's drive for forensic enhancement mirrors the Ayush sector's drive for digital repositories (DRAVYA)—both are attempts to formalize and standardize 'informal' or 'unstructured' domains into data-driven, globally competitive pillars of the Indian state.

Textbook vs Reality Gap

While standard textbooks like Nitin Singhania (Chapter 9: Agriculture) focus on the 'Blue Revolution' as a fish production scheme with a ₹3,000 crore outlay (2015-20), the current reality has evolved into the 'National Blue Economy Mission (2026),' which expands the scope to marine biotechnology and coastal urban resilience. Similarly, Shankar IAS (Chapter 23: Health) defines disease control through 'surveillance and control of vector-borne diseases' like Malaria, whereas the 2025 policy push integrates 'One Health' with generic veterinary medicine (Pashu Aushadhi) and advanced livestock health (LHDCP), moving beyond simple vector control to a holistic zoonotic framework.

How This Theme Is Evolving

In 2025-2026, the strategy evolved from 'Import Substitution' to 'Value Chain Dominance.' Schemes like PM-AMIS and the REPM scheme target specific, high-value components (Sintered Magnets, E-Trucks) rather than just final products, ensuring long-term technological sovereignty in the green energy transition.

UPSC Exam Intelligence

Previous Year Question Pattern

Recent IAS exams have shifted from generic security questions to specific institutional powers, such as the NIA Amendment Act 2019 (Laxmikanth, p. 515) and the role of Home Guards in internal security (IAS 2023, nid 6132). There is a consistent interest in 'Rare Earth Metals' (IAS 2012, nid 14920; IAS 2025, nid 6320) and 'Blue Economy' precursors like the ICZM Project (CDS 2018, nid 12457). The 2025-2026 threads suggest a future shift toward testing 'Standardization Initiatives' and 'Digital Public Infrastructure (DPI)' in traditional sectors.

Probable Prelims Angles

• NIA's extraterritorial jurisdiction and state-consent exemptions (Laxmikanth Chapter 67).
• Financial outlays and specific targets of the REPM Manufacturing Scheme (₹7,280 crore, 6,000 MTPA capacity).
• Function of the DRAVYA portal as a digital repository for Ayurvedic formulations.
• Incentive limits for E-Trucks under the PM E-Drive scheme (₹500 crore for 5,600 trucks).
• Nodal agencies for the National Blue Economy Mission and Climate-Resilient Urban Infrastructure (MoHUA).

Mains Answer Framework

• India's recent policy trajectory represents a transition from 'Sectoral Silos' to 'Converged Governance,' as evidenced by the integration of One Health, Blue Economy, and Standardized Security frameworks.
• Technological Sovereignty: Reducing import dependence in critical sectors through schemes like PM-AMIS and REPM for the EV supply chain.. Standardization as Security: MHA's move toward a Common ATS structure and Forensic Infrastructure to counter the 'borderless' nature of technology-led terrorism.. Digital Modernization: Formalizing the Ayush sector via MAISP and DRAVYA portals to boost global credibility and medical tourism (Nitin Singhania, p. 429).
• By building 'Soft' digital infrastructure and 'Hard' manufacturing capabilities, India is positioning itself as a resilient global hub for both the traditional and future economies.

Essay Connections

• 'Technology is the new frontier of sovereignty' - Use the 2025-26 High-Tech Manufacturing (REPM, PM-AMIS) and Security (ATS, Forensics) clusters to illustrate.

Preparation Strategy

Reading Approach

Begin with Laxmikanth (NIA) and Shankar IAS (Public Health/Coastal Management) to build the institutional and environmental baseline. Then, apply the 2025 news items (Common ATS, LHDCP, Blue Economy Mission) as 'evolutionary updates' that fix the gaps in static textbook content.

Textbook Roadmap

• Indian Polity, M. Laxmikanth (7th ed.), Chapter 67. Thread 7 & 9 (MHA/NIA). NIA's vision, establishment, and 2019 amendment powers.
• Environment, Shankar IAS (10th ed.), Chapter 4. Thread 3 (Blue Economy). Section 4.12.5 on Integrated Coastal and Marine Area Management (ICMAM).
• Indian Economy, Nitin Singhania (2nd ed.), Chapter 14. Thread 4 (Ayush). Medical Tourism section and alternative medicine's role in the service sector.

Revision Bullets

• REPM Scheme: ₹7,280 crore outlay for Sintered Rare Earth Permanent Magnets (6,000 MTPA).
• LHDCP Outlay: ₹3,880 crore (2024-26) with 'Pashu Aushadhi' for generic vet-med.
• PM E-Drive (Trucks): ₹500 crore allocated for 5,600 electric trucks.
• MAHA MedTech: Funding range of ₹5–25 crore for high-impact medical research.
• Kendriya Grihmantri Dakshata Padak: Announced Oct 31, 2025, for 1,466 personnel.
• NBA Digital Portal: Launched Feb 5, 2026, for Certificates of Origin (CoO) for medicinal plants.
• MAISP: My Ayush Integrated Services Portal launched Dec 19, 2025.

Sub-Themes and News Coverage (9 themes, 33 news items)

Strategic High-Tech and Green Mobility Manufacturing Initiatives (2025-2026)

Focus: A cluster of government schemes approved in 2025-2026 specifically targeting the domestic manufacturing and supply chain development of critical technologies (semiconductors, rare earths) and electric mobility.

UPSC Value: Useful for GS-3 (Indigenization of Technology, Infrastructure) to track the specific sectoral interventions aimed at building self-reliance in the 'Future Economy' value chains.

5 news items in this theme:

• 2026-02-03 [Economy] — Pradhan Mantri Advanced Manufacturing Incentive Scheme (PM-AMIS)
  The “Pradhan Mantri Advanced Manufacturing Incentive Scheme (PM-AMIS),” approved by the Union Cabinet in early February 2026, aims to strengthen India's self-reliance in critical technological sectors. The scheme offers financial incentives and support to industries engaged in the domestic production of cutting-edge technologies, such as advanced semiconductors, specialized electronics, and high-value components.
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  UPSC Angle: PM-AMIS aims to strengthen India's self-reliance in critical technological sectors.

  Key Facts:

  • Approved by the Union Cabinet in early February 2026
  • Marks a strategic push towards strengthening India's self-reliance in critical technological sectors
  • Scheme is designed to offer substantial financial incentives and support to industries engaged in the domestic production of cutting-edge technologies, such as advanced semiconductors, specialized electronics, and high-value components
• 2025-11-27 [Economy] — Scheme to Promote Manufacturing of Sintered Rare Earth Permanent Magnets (REPM)
  The Union Cabinet approved a scheme with a financial outlay of ₹7,280 crore to promote the manufacturing of Sintered Rare Earth Permanent Magnets (REPM). The scheme aims to establish India's first integrated REPM manufacturing facilities, reduce import dependence, and boost the EV and renewable energy sectors. The scheme includes sales-linked incentives and capital subsidies to encourage domestic production.
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  UPSC Angle: Scheme to promote manufacturing of Sintered Rare Earth Permanent Magnets (REPM).

  Key Facts:

  • The scheme has a total financial outlay of Rs. 7,280 crore.
  • It includes Rs. 6,450 crore in sales-linked incentives over 5 years.
  • It includes Rs. 750 crore in capital subsidy.
  • The scheme aims to allocate capacity of 6,000 MTPA to 5 beneficiaries via global competitive bidding.
  • The scheme duration is 7 years: 2 years for setting up facilities and 5 years for incentive disbursement.
  • Union Cabinet
  • ₹7,280 crore
  • Scheme to Promote Manufacturing of Sintered Rare Earth Permanent Magnets (REPM)
  • 6,000 MTPA
  • integrated REPM manufacturing
• 2025-11-01 [Economy] — REPM Manufacturing Scheme Approved
  The government approved the Rs 7,280 crore REPM (Rare Earth Permanent Magnet) Manufacturing Scheme in November 2025 to create 6,000 MTPA of integrated magnet capacity. This scheme aims to boost self-reliance in critical materials through mining, processing, research, and manufacturing.
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  UPSC Angle: Government approved REPM Manufacturing Scheme to boost magnet production.

  Key Facts:

  • REPM Manufacturing Scheme approved in November 2025
  • Scheme cost: Rs 7,280 crore
  • Target capacity: 6,000 MTPA
• 2025-07-12 [Schemes & Programs] — India Launches First E-Truck Incentive Scheme Under PM E-Drive
  The Indian government has launched its first dedicated scheme for electric trucks under the PM E-Drive initiative, allocating ₹500 crore for 5,600 electric trucks. This scheme, which was not included in the earlier FAME scheme, aims to boost electric mobility and tackle air pollution, particularly in Delhi. Manufacturers must provide a battery warranty of 5 years or 5 lakh kilometers, and vehicle and motor warranty of 5 years or 2.5 lakh kilometers, whichever is earlier.
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  UPSC Angle: India launches E-Truck incentive scheme under PM E-Drive, ₹500 crore.

  Key Facts:

  • Scheme launched under PM E-Drive initiative
  • ₹500 crore allocated for 5,600 electric trucks
  • First dedicated scheme for electric trucks in India
  • Battery warranty: 5 years or 5 lakh kilometers
  • Vehicle and motor warranty: 5 years or 2.5 lakh kilometers
  • India rolls out first ever e-truck incentive scheme
  • Significant step under India's Green Mobility Vision
  • Promotes sustainable transport
  • Aims to reduce carbon emissions
• 2025-06-03 [Economy] — Electric Passenger Vehicle Manufacturing Scheme guidelines
  The Ministry of Heavy Industries (MHI) issued guidelines for the Scheme to Promote Manufacturing of Electric Passenger Cars in India (SPMEPCI), aiming to establish India as a major EV manufacturing hub. The scheme allows companies to import up to 8,000 fully built electric cars per year at a reduced 15% customs duty for five years, provided each vehicle's CIF value is at least USD 35,000. To qualify, applicants must invest at least ₹4,150 crore within 3 years and set up manufacturing units.
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  UPSC Angle: Scheme to Promote Manufacturing of Electric Passenger Cars in India.

  Key Facts:

  • Launched in March 2024, officially notified in June 2025.
  • Nodal Ministry: Ministry of Heavy Industries (MHI).
  • Implementation Agency: Project Management Agency (PMA).
  • Companies must invest ₹4150 crore within 3 years to avail the benefits.
  • Domestic manufacturing commitment required to export cars to India
  • Production must start within 3 years of approval
  • Domestic value addition target: 25% for the first 3 years
  • Domestic value addition target: 50% in the next 5 years
  • 120-day application window
  • Non-refundable fee of 5 lakh rupees
  • Domestic Value Addition (DVA) of 25% within 3 years and 50% within 5 years is mandated.
  • A bank guarantee matching the duty foregone or ₹4,150 crore, whichever is higher, must be submitted.
  • The duty concession cap is ₹6,484 crore or the actual investment—whichever is lower.
  • Only companies with a minimum global automotive revenue of ₹10,000 crore and fixed assets worth ₹3,000 crore are eligible.
  • Launched In: March 2024, officially notified in June 2025.

MHA's Internal Security and Investigation Ecosystem (2025)

Focus: Items detailing the Ministry of Home Affairs' specific efforts in 2025 regarding internal security, including NIA operations, forensic infrastructure development, and police awards.

UPSC Value: Useful for understanding the institutional framework (NIA, Forensics) and recent initiatives (Awards, Schemes) strengthening India's internal security grid.

5 news items in this theme:

• 2026-01-03 [Polity & Governance] — National Investigation Agency (NIA)
  The NIA investigates crimes listed in the Schedule of the NIA Act, including terrorism and terror financing. Unlike the CBI, the NIA can take up investigations across any state without state government permission if directed by the Central Government. Trials for NIA cases are conducted in specially designated NIA Special Courts to ensure speedy justice.
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  UPSC Angle: NIA investigates scheduled crimes, including terrorism.

  Key Facts:

  • The NIA investigates crimes listed in the Schedule of the NIA Act, including terrorism and terror financing (UAPA).
  • The NIA can take up investigations across any state without state government permission if directed by the Central Government.
  • Trials for NIA cases are conducted in specially designated NIA Special Courts.
• 2026-01-02 [Polity & Governance] — Ministry of Home Affairs: Key Achievements in 2025
  The Ministry of Home Affairs (MHA) reported significant achievements in 2025, focusing on internal security, governance, justice, and social integration. Terrorism, Naxalism, and insurgency are nearing elimination, with strengthened cyber and border security and modernized policing. The National Investigation Agency (NIA) achieved a conviction rate of approximately 95%.
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  UPSC Angle: MHA achievements in internal security, governance, justice, social integration.

  Key Facts:

  • NIA conviction rate: approximately 95%
  • Focus on strengthening internal security
  • Emphasis on technology, inter-agency coordination, and community engagement
• 2025-12-05 [Schemes & Programs] — National Forensic Infrastructure Enhancement Scheme
  The National Forensic Infrastructure Enhancement Scheme is a Central Sector Scheme launched in 2024, with the aim to help create a sound forensic laboratory infrastructure and prepare world class trained forensic professionals in the country. The Nodal Ministry is the Ministry of Home Affairs. The implementation period is from 2024–25 to 2028–29.
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  UPSC Angle: National Forensic Infrastructure Enhancement Scheme launched in 2024.

  Key Facts:

  • 2024: Launch year
  • Ministry of Home Affairs: Nodal Ministry
  • 2024–25 to 2028–29: Implementation Period
  • Establishment of campuses of the National Forensic Sciences University (NFSU) in the country: Component
  • Establishment of Central Forensic Science Laboratories (CFSLs) in the country: Component
• 2025-11-01 [Polity & Governance] — Kendriya Grihmantri Dakshata Padak
  On Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel's birth anniversary (October 31, 2025), the Ministry of Home Affairs (MHA) announced the 'Kendriya Grihmantri Dakshata Padak' for 1,466 police personnel from States, Union Territories, CAPFs, and CPOs to honour excellence. The Kendriya Grihmantri Dakshata Padak is a national-level police award instituted to recognise exceptional professionalism, courage, and integrity in policing and security operations across India.
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  UPSC Angle: 'Kendriya Grihmantri Dakshata Padak' announced for police personnel.

  Key Facts:

  • Instituted by the Ministry of Home Affairs, Government of India in 2024.
  • Given to recognize excellent work, promote high professional standards and boost the morale of the concerned official/officer in the following four fields: Special Operation, Investigation, Intelligence, Forensic Science.
• 2025-04-27 [Defense & Security] — NIA Takes Over Pahalgam Terror Attack Probe
  The National Investigation Agency (NIA) has formally taken over the Pahalgam terror attack case, in which 26 civilians were killed, following orders from the Union Ministry of Home Affairs (MHA). NIA teams have intensified the search for evidence at the terror attack site.
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  UPSC Angle: NIA takes over Pahalgam terror attack probe after MHA orders.

  Key Facts:

  • National Investigation Agency (NIA)
  • Pahalgam terror attack case
  • 26 civilians killed
  • Union Ministry of Home Affairs (MHA)

Clean Energy Transition & Net-Zero Strategies

Focus: Government initiatives diversifying the energy mix (Nuclear, Biomass, Green Hydrogen) and research partnerships to achieve Net-Zero by 2070.

UPSC Value: Provides a sector-wise breakdown (Power, Hydrogen, Nuclear, Biomass) of India's strategy to meet its Panchamrit climate commitments.

4 news items in this theme:

• 2025-08-04 [Schemes & Programs] — NISE to Implement Green Hydrogen Scheme
  A scheme with a total budgetary outlay of Rs. 200 Crores until FY 2025-26 will be implemented, with the National Institute of Solar Energy (NISE) as the Scheme Implementation Agency (SIA). The scheme encompasses developing quality and performance testing facilities to ensure quality, sustainability, and safety in GH2 production and trade.
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  UPSC Angle: NISE to implement Green Hydrogen Scheme with Rs. 200 Cr outlay.

  Key Facts:

  • Budgetary outlay of Rs. 200 Crores until FY 2025-26
  • National Institute of Solar Energy (NISE) is the Scheme Implementation Agency (SIA)
  • Focus on developing quality and performance testing facilities
• 2025-07-04 [Science & Technology] — Central Electricity Authority (CEA) & IIT Roorkee MoU
  The Central Electricity Authority (CEA) and IIT Roorkee signed an MoU to boost knowledge sharing, capacity building, and interdisciplinary research in the power and energy sector. The collaboration aims to support India's goal of achieving net-zero greenhouse gas emissions by 2070 or earlier.
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  UPSC Angle: CEA & IIT Roorkee MoU to boost knowledge sharing in power sector.

  Key Facts:

  • Central Electricity Authority (CEA)
  • IIT Roorkee
  • Net-zero greenhouse gas emissions by 2070
• 2025-06-30 [Schemes & Programs] — Revised Guidelines Under the Biomass Programme
  The Ministry of New and Renewable Energy (MNRE) has launched revised guidelines under the National Bioenergy Programme Phase-I, spanning from 2021-22 to 2025-26. The objective is to promote briquette/pellet manufacturing and biomass-based cogeneration in industries. The guidelines target biomass briquette/pellet units and industrial biomass-based cogeneration setups and incentivizing higher efficiency.
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  UPSC Angle: MNRE launched revised guidelines under National Bioenergy Programme Phase-I.

  Key Facts:

  • Launched by: MNRE under National Bioenergy Programme Phase-I.
  • Term: 2021–22 to 2025–26.
  • Objective: Promote briquette/pellet manufacturing and biomass (non-bagasse) based cogeneration in industries.
  • Targeted Plants: Biomass briquette/pellet units & industrial biomass-based cogeneration setups.
• 2025-06-13 [Science & Technology] — India's Nuclear Energy Expansion for Net-Zero Goal
  Nuclear energy is being positioned as a critical pillar in India's clean energy strategy to achieve net-zero emissions by 2070 and become a developed nation (Viksit Bharat) by 2047. The country needs a massive scale-up of baseload, non-fossil energy sources to meet future demand.
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  UPSC Angle: Nuclear energy is critical for India's net-zero goal by 2070.

  Key Facts:

  • Net-zero emissions by 2070
  • Viksit Bharat by 2047
  • Nuclear energy
  • Baseload, non-fossil energy sources

2025 Policy Push for One Health and Veterinary Infrastructure

Focus: A cluster of central government initiatives in March-April 2025 focused on upgrading veterinary vaccine control, disease monitoring, and zoonotic surveillance frameworks.

UPSC Value: Demonstrates the legislative and institutional application of the 'One Health' approach in Indian governance.

4 news items in this theme:

• 2025-04-06 [Science & Technology] — India Launches Study to Detect Zoonotic Diseases
  The Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR) initiated an inter-ministerial scientific study to build a surveillance model for detecting zoonotic spillover in increased bird-human interaction settings using the One Health approach.
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  UPSC Angle: India Launches Study to Detect Zoonotic Diseases.

  Key Facts:

  • Conducted by: Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR)
  • Type of study: Inter-ministerial scientific study
  • Objective: Detecting zoonotic spillover in bird-human interaction settings
  • Approach: One Health approach
• 2025-03-28 [Environment & Ecology] — Review of Draft National Wildlife Health Policy
  India is reviewing the draft National Wildlife Health Policy (NWHP) under the National One Health Mission to strengthen wildlife disease monitoring, research, and diagnostics. The policy addresses challenges such as siloed disease monitoring, the absence of a centralized database, limited diagnostic facilities, and unchecked human-wildlife interactions.
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  UPSC Angle: Review of draft National Wildlife Health Policy under One Health Mission.

  Key Facts:

  • Draft National Wildlife Health Policy (NWHP) is under review.
  • Review under the National One Health Mission.
  • Aims to strengthen wildlife disease monitoring, research, and diagnostics.
  • Addresses siloed disease monitoring.
  • Addresses absence of a centralized database.
  • Addresses limited diagnostic facilities.
  • Addresses unchecked human-wildlife interactions.
• 2025-03-09 [Schemes & Programs] — Centralized Testing of Veterinary Vaccines
  India is planning to centralize the testing and quality control of 42 essential veterinary vaccines at a single national laboratory, Chaudhary Charan Singh National Institute of Animal Health (CCSNIAH) in Baghpat, replacing the current system of self-certification and state-level testing. This move, initiated by the Drugs Technical Advisory Board (DTAB), aims to regulate a market worth ₹3,000 crore.
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  UPSC Angle: Centralized testing of veterinary vaccines at CCSNIAH.

  Key Facts:

  • Centralized testing and quality control of veterinary vaccines
  • Number of vaccines: 42
  • Apex laboratory: Chaudhary Charan Singh National Institute of Animal Health (CCSNIAH)
  • Location of CCSNIAH: Baghpat
  • Initiated by: Drugs Technical Advisory Board (DTAB)
  • Market value: ₹3,000 crore
• 2025-03-06 [Schemes & Programs] — Revised Livestock Health and Disease Control Programme (LHDCP)
  The Union Cabinet has approved the revision of the Livestock Health and Disease Control Programme (LHDCP) with an outlay of ₹3,880 crore for 2024-26 to enhance livestock disease control. A new component, Pashu Aushadhi, has been introduced to provide affordable generic veterinary medicines through PM-Kisan Samriddhi Kendra and cooperatives.
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  UPSC Angle: Revised Livestock Health and Disease Control Programme (LHDCP) approved.

  Key Facts:

  • ₹3,880 crore outlay for 2024-26
  • Pashu Aushadhi component for affordable generic veterinary medicines
  • PM-Kisan Samriddhi Kendra and cooperatives involved in Pashu Aushadhi
  • Indian Cabinet approved ₹3,880 crore for livestock health program.
  • Revised Livestock Health and Disease Control Programme (LHDCP) approved.
  • Outlay: ₹3,880 crore for 2024-26.
  • New component: Pashu Aushadhi for affordable generic veterinary medicines.

India's Marine and Coastal Policy Push (Early 2026)

Focus: A coordinated cluster of Indian government initiatives launched in Jan-Feb 2026 focusing on the blue economy, marine biotechnology, and coastal urban resilience.

UPSC Value: Useful for tracking the specific policy instruments and missions India is deploying to secure its maritime economy and coastal infrastructure.

3 news items in this theme:

• 2026-02-05 [Environment & Ecology] — Climate-Resilient Urban Infrastructure Project
  The Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs is the nodal agency for India's “Climate-Resilient Urban Infrastructure” project, launched on February 3, 2026. This initiative targets vulnerable coastal cities, integrating sustainable practices into urban planning and upgrading existing infrastructure.
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  UPSC Angle: Ministry of Housing is nodal agency for Climate-Resilient Urban Infrastructure project.

  Key Facts:

  • Launched on February 3, 2026
  • Targets vulnerable coastal cities
  • Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs is the nodal agency
• 2026-02-03 [Economy] — National Blue Economy Mission Unveiled
  The Indian government has unveiled the “National Blue Economy Mission,” focusing on sustainable marine resource utilization, marine pollution reduction, coastal ecosystem preservation, and the promotion of marine biotechnology and aquaculture. The development of deep-sea mining technologies is not a primary focus, given the mission's emphasis on ecological sustainability and conservation. The mission aims to create economic growth while safeguarding marine biodiversity and ensuring the long-term health of India's oceans.
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  UPSC Angle: National Blue Economy Mission focuses on sustainable marine resource utilization.

  Key Facts:

  • Focuses on sustainable marine resource utilization, marine pollution reduction, coastal ecosystem preservation, and the promotion of marine biotechnology and aquaculture
  • The development of deep-sea mining technologies is explicitly *not* a primary focus
  • National Blue Economy Mission
  • Launched in early February 2026
• 2026-01-15 [Science & Technology] — India's Marine and Space Biotechnology Sector
  India's marine and space biotechnology sector is emerging but faces challenges including limited private-sector participation and industrial-scale biomanufacturing. India's marine biomass production, including seaweed, remains modest at around 70,000 tonnes annually, forcing continued imports. Policy initiatives such as the Blue Economy agenda and the Deep Ocean Mission aim to build integrated marine biomanufacturing.
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  UPSC Angle: India's marine and space biotechnology sector faces challenges.

  Key Facts:

  • Marine biomass production: 70,000 tonnes annually
  • Challenges: Limited private sector involvement, industrial-scale biomanufacturing
  • Policy Initiatives: Blue Economy agenda, Deep Ocean Mission, BioE3
  • Objective: Build integrated marine biomanufacturing

Digitalization and Policy Formalization in the Ayush Sector

Focus: A concerted government push between late 2025 and early 2026 to establish digital repositories, regulatory portals, and policy frameworks for Ayush and medicinal plants.

UPSC Value: Highlights the administrative modernization of traditional medicine through digital public infrastructure (DPI) and regulatory standardization.

3 news items in this theme:

• 2026-02-05 [Environment & Ecology] — NBA Launches Digital Portal for Certificates of Origin for Medicinal Plants
  On February 5, 2026, the National Biodiversity Authority (NBA) launched a digital portal for the electronic issuance of Certificates of Origin (CoO) for cultivated medicinal plants to support Access and Benefit Sharing (ABS) exemption applications. The portal aims to provide a single-window online system for submission, processing, and issuance of CoO, including automated Form 12 generation for eligible stakeholders.
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  UPSC Angle: NBA launches digital portal for Certificates of Origin for medicinal plants.

  Key Facts:

  • Launched by: National Biodiversity Authority (NBA)
  • Purpose: Electronic issuance of Certificates of Origin (CoO) for cultivated medicinal plants
  • Benefit: Support Access and Benefit Sharing (ABS) exemption applications
  • Features: Single-window, end-to-end online system
  • Includes: Automated Form 12 generation
  • Portal Access: https://absefiling.nbaindia.in/
• 2025-12-22 [Schemes & Programs] — PM Modi Launches Key Initiatives Focused on the AYUSH Sector
  On December 19, 2025, Prime Minister (PM) Narendra Modi launched key initiatives focused on the AYUSH sector and traditional medicine launched My Ayush Integrated Services Portal (MAISP), a central digital platform, integrating information and services related to AYUSH systems, enhancing access for citizens and practitioners.
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  UPSC Angle: PM Modi launched My Ayush Integrated Services Portal (MAISP).

  Key Facts:

  • December 19, 2025
  • Narendra Modi
  • AYUSH sector
  • traditional medicine
  • My Ayush Integrated Services Portal
  • MAISP
• 2025-10-23 [Schemes & Programs] — DRAVYA Portal: Advancement in Ayurvedic Research
  The Ministry of Ayush introduced the Digitized Retrieval Application for Versatile Yardstick of Ayush Substances (DRAVYA) portal, which serves as the largest digital repository of Ayurvedic ingredients and formulations. The DRAVYA portal was developed by the Central Council for Research in Ayurvedic Sciences (CCRAS) under the Ministry of Ayush. It was launched on the 10th Ayurveda Day (September 23, 2025) in Goa.
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  UPSC Angle: DRAVYA portal: Digital repository of Ayurvedic ingredients.

  Key Facts:

  • Ministry of Ayush
  • Digitized Retrieval Application for Versatile Yardstick of Ayush Substances (DRAVYA)
  • Central Council for Research in Ayurvedic Sciences (CCRAS)
  • 10th Ayurveda Day
  • September 23, 2025
  • Goa

MHA National Standardization Initiatives (2025-2026)

Focus: Major national policy frameworks driven by the Home Ministry (MHA) to standardize responses to internal security, disaster management, and drug control.

UPSC Value: Highlights the Ministry of Home Affairs' shift towards centralized, standardized structures (Common ATS, District Plans, National Drug Roadmaps) to handle cross-border and internal threats.

3 news items in this theme:

• 2026-01-10 [Schemes & Programs] — Amit Shah Announces 3-Year Nationwide Campaign Against Drugs
  Amit Shah announced a three-year nationwide campaign against drugs starting March 31, focusing on supply disruption (zero tolerance), demand reduction (awareness), and humane harm reduction, directing all departments to prepare roadmaps to 2029 with targets & reviews.
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  UPSC Angle: Nationwide campaign against drugs starting March 31.

  Key Facts:

  • Three-year nationwide campaign against drugs starts March 31
  • Three pillars: Supply disruption (zero tolerance), demand reduction (awareness), humane harm reduction
  • Roadmaps to 2029 with targets & reviews
• 2025-12-29 [Defense & Security] — Call for Common Anti-Terrorism Squad (ATS) Structure Across India
  Home Minister Amit Shah has called for establishing a common Anti-Terrorism Squad (ATS) structure across the country to combat the changing nature of terrorism, which increasingly involves technology like encrypted communication, drones, cyber tools, and online radicalization. The goal is standardized preparedness with the same training modules, drills, and response timelines across India.
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  UPSC Angle: Call for common ATS structure to combat technology-driven terrorism.

  Key Facts:

  • Called for by: Home Minister Amit Shah
  • Objective: Establishing a common Anti-Terrorism Squad (ATS) structure across the country
  • Focus: Addressing emerging threats like digital radicalisation, cross-border vulnerabilities, and terror financing
  • Aim: Same training modules, drills, and response timelines across India
  • Home Minister Amit Shah called for a common ATS structure across the country.
  • Terror groups are increasingly using technology, including encrypted communication, drones, cyber tools, and online radicalization.
• 2025-06-16 [Polity & Governance] — Amit Shah Addresses Disaster Response Conference
  At the Relief Commissioners & Disaster Response Forces Conference in New Delhi, Home Minister Amit Shah spoke about the importance of disaster preparedness. He noted that many districts still need to create disaster management plans and urged completion within 90 days.
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  UPSC Angle: Amit Shah addresses Disaster Response Conference.

  Key Facts:

  • Amit Shah
  • Relief Commissioners & Disaster Response Forces Conference
  • New Delhi
  • National Disaster Risk Management Fund
  • ₹68000 crore
  • district disaster management plan
  • 90 days

MHA Internal Security & Legal Reforms Drive

Focus: A cluster of MHA-led initiatives in late 2025 focusing on upgrading physical policing infrastructure and implementing new criminal laws.

UPSC Value: Highlights the simultaneous focus on 'hard' infrastructure (police buildings) and 'soft' infrastructure (legal codes) in internal security.

3 news items in this theme:

• 2025-12-29 [Polity & Governance] — Amit Shah inaugurates Guwahati Police Commissionerate building and surveillance system
  Union Home Minister Amit Shah inaugurated a ₹111-crore building for the Guwahati Police Commissionerate and a surveillance system with 2,000 CCTVs. He also inaugurated an exhibition on new criminal laws organized by the state CID.
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  UPSC Angle: Amit Shah inaugurates Guwahati Police infrastructure and surveillance system.

  Key Facts:

  • Amit Shah inaugurated Guwahati Police Commissionerate building and surveillance system
  • ₹111-crore building
  • 2,000 CCTVs
  • Exhibition on new criminal laws by state CID
• 2025-12-26 [Defense & Security] — Amit Shah Inaugurates Anti-Terror Conference in New Delhi
  Union Home Minister and Minister of Cooperation, Amit Shah, inaugurated the Anti-Terror Conference in New Delhi on December 26, 2025. The conference, organised by the National Investigation Agency (NIA) under the Ministry of Home Affairs, aims to strengthen India’s counter-terrorism preparedness and coordination. Focus areas include foreign evidence collection, digital forensics, data analysis, and disrupting terror-financing networks.
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  UPSC Angle: Amit Shah inaugurated the Anti-Terror Conference in New Delhi.

  Key Facts:

  • Amit Shah inaugurated the Anti-Terror Conference in New Delhi on December 26, 2025.
  • The conference was organised by the National Investigation Agency (NIA).
  • The conference aims to strengthen India’s counter-terrorism preparedness and coordination.
• 2025-11-09 [Polity & Governance] — National Conference on New Criminal Laws
  The Ministry of Home Affairs, Government of India, and the National Judicial Academy, Bhopal, organized a two-day National Conference on the three New Criminal Laws at the National Judicial Academy (NJA), Bhopal, from November 8–9, 2025. The conference saw participation from the judiciary, prosecution, and police from all States/Union Territories, with a total of 120 participants. The new Criminal Laws aim to decolonize India's criminal justice system, make it victim-centric and technology-enabled.
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  UPSC Angle: National Conference on New Criminal Laws organized by MHA and NJA.

  Key Facts:

  • Ministry of Home Affairs (MHA)
  • Two-day National Conference on the three New Criminal Laws
  • National Judicial Academy (NJA), Bhopal
  • Dates: 8–9 November 2025
  • Organizers: Ministry of Home Affairs, Government of India; National Judicial Academy, Bhopal
  • Participants: 120 from All States/Union Territories
  • Key pillars represented: Judiciary, Prosecution, Police
  • New Criminal Laws aim to decolonize India's criminal justice system, make it victim-centric, and technology-enabled

Institutional Support for MedTech and Biomedical Research

Focus: Specific funding mechanisms and policy standards introduced in late 2025 to boost domestic medical technology and research careers.

UPSC Value: Demonstrates the multi-pronged approach (standards, funding, career support) to achieve self-reliance in the medical device and research sectors.

3 news items in this theme:

• 2025-10-26 [Schemes & Programs] — MAHA MedTech Mission Launched
  The Anusandhan National Research Foundation (ANRF), in collaboration with the Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR) and the Gates Foundation, launched the Mission for Advancement in High-Impact Areas (MAHA)-Medical Technology. The mission will provide milestone-linked funding of ₹5–25 crore per project (and up to ₹50 crore in exceptional cases) to support impactful MedTech solutions and enhance self-reliance and competitiveness by catalyzing indigenous MedTech development. The total duration of the Mission is 5 years.
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  UPSC Angle: MAHA MedTech Mission launched for high-impact affordable technologies.

  Key Facts:

  • MAHA MedTech Mission
  • Launched by: Anusandhan National Research Foundation (ANRF), Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR), and the Gates Foundation
  • Funding: ₹5–25 crore per project (up to ₹50 crore in exceptional cases)
  • Duration: 5 Years
  • Key Objectives: Drive public health impact, ensure affordability and accessibility, enhance self-reliance and competitiveness
  • Anusandhan National Research Foundation (ANRF)
  • Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR)
  • Gates Foundation
  • Mission for Advancement in High-Impact Areas (MAHA)-Medical Technology
  • ₹5–25 crore
  • ₹50 crore
• 2025-10-12 [Economy] — India Upgrades Medical Device Standards
  India is upgrading its medical device standards, aiming to grow the medical device market from $12 billion (2025) to $50 billion by 2030 and capture 10–12% of the global market within 25 years. The National Medical Devices Policy, 2023 promotes the development of indigenous standards to make Indian manufacturers globally competitive.
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  UPSC Angle: India aims for $50B medical device market by 2030.

  Key Facts:

  • Medical device market aims to grow from $12 billion (2025) to $50 billion by 2030
  • Aims to capture 10–12% of the global market within 25 years
  • National Medical Devices Policy, 2023 promotes indigenous standards
• 2025-10-02 [Schemes & Programs] — Biomedical Research Career Programme Phase III
  The Biomedical Research Career Programme Phase III will nurture scientific talent for biomedical research and promote interdisciplinary research for translational innovation. It will be implemented between 2025-26 and 2030-31, with support until 2037-38, and will have a total outlay of ₹1,500 crore. The Department of Biotechnology (DBT) will contribute ₹1,000 crore, and the Wellcome Trust will contribute ₹500 crore.
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  UPSC Angle: Biomedical Research Career Programme Phase III to nurture scientific talent.

  Key Facts:

  • Programme: Biomedical Research Career Programme Phase III
  • Time Period: 2025-26 to 2030-31, with support until 2037-38
  • Total Outlay: ₹1,500 crore
  • DBT Contribution: ₹1,000 crore
  • Wellcome Trust Contribution: ₹500 crore