Governance Modernization and Social Security Reform: UPSC Current Affairs Analysis & Study Strategy

In-Depth Analysis

The Big Picture

India is undergoing a fundamental shift from a paper-based, generalist-led administration to a performance-driven, digital-first governance model. This transformation aims to bridge the 'trust deficit' between the citizen and the state by formalizing the informal economy (gig workers), securing property rights through drones/blockchain, and enforcing ministerial-level accountability via real-time scorecards. The overarching tension lies in balancing centralizing 'One Nation' standards with the federal diversity of state-level implementation.

Cross-Theme Insight

The threads collectively reveal a 'Formalization of the Invisible' strategy. By assigning legal identities to gig workers (Thread 1), digital coordinates to rural land (Thread 3), and performance metrics to senior bureaucrats (Thread 2), the state is converting opaque sectors into legible, data-driven systems. This synthesis suggests that 'Ease of Living' is being pursued not just through scheme delivery, but through the deep structural 'standardization' of everything from lift safety (Thread 7) to forensic research (Thread 4).

Textbook vs Reality Gap

While standard textbooks like Indian Polity, M. Laxmikanth (7th ed.) > Chapter 74: Public Services focus on the static 'Doctrine of Pleasure' (Art 310) and generalist protections, the current trend (Item 11) shows a shift toward 'administrative scorecards' that use objective parameters to bypass the subjectivity of traditional ACRs. Similarly, where Nitin Singhania (ed 2nd) > Chapter 10: Land Reforms discusses the DILRMP as a record-updating program, the SVAMITVA scheme (Item 2) has evolved into a Country Champion model utilizing drone-based 'Property Cards' to create financial liquidity for rural assets.

How This Theme Is Evolving

The theme has evolved from the 'Legislative Phase' (passing the 2020 Codes) to the 'Enforcement and Technology Phase' (2025-2026). This is marked by the rise of state-level ordinances (Karnataka), the use of Blockchain for property deeds, and the creation of specialized statutory cadres for sports and bio-safety.

UPSC Exam Intelligence

Previous Year Question Pattern

Recent exams show a high frequency of testing the 'New Labour Codes' (CDS-II 2022, nid: 14485) and the institutional history of administrative reforms (IAS 2021, nid: 6039). There is a consistent shift from asking about the 'need' for reform to asking about specific 'mechanisms' like the Lokpal's powers (IAS 2025, nid: 6337) and social security scheme components (CDS-I 2021, nid: 12888).

Probable Prelims Angles

• Section 17A of the Prevention of Corruption (PC) Act: Requirement of prior sanction for investigating public servants.
• SVAMITVA Scheme: Use of drone technology and its role in 'Property Cards' for rural residential land (Abadi areas).
• SPREE (Scheme to Promote Registration of Employers/Employees): Targets informal workers for ESIC/EPFO registration.
• BSL-4 Labs: India's first state-funded facility in Gandhinagar, Gujarat; currently only one civilian lab exists in Pune.

Mains Answer Framework

• The transition from 'Rule-based' to 'Role-based' governance, as evidenced by recent performance scorecards and gig economy protections, marks India's entry into a transparent administrative era.
• Technological Empowerment: SVAMITVA and Blockchain reduce land litigation and empower the rural poor financially.. Social Contract Renewal: Extending social security to 2.35 crore gig workers (by 2030) addresses the 'precariat' nature of modern labor.. Institutional Integrity: The split verdict on Section 17A of the PC Act highlights the delicate balance between protecting honest officers and ensuring anti-corruption probes.
• True governance reform must move beyond rebranding and renaming to ensure that technological tools like AI and Blockchain serve as equalizers for the last-mile citizen.

Essay Connections

• 'Technology as the silent reformer of Indian Democracy' — Use SVAMITVA and e-courts examples.
• 'The ethical bureaucrat: Balancing prior sanction with public accountability' — Use Section 17A and Lokpal report context.

Preparation Strategy

Reading Approach

Begin with Laxmikanth for the constitutional and legal framework of Public Services and Anti-corruption. Transition to Nitin Singhania for the evolution of land reforms. Finally, overlay the 2025-2026 threads to see how 'Ease of Justice' and 'One Nation' policies are modernizing these static frameworks.

Textbook Roadmap

• Indian Economy, Vivek Singh (7th ed. 2023-24) > Chapter 8: Inclusive growth and issues > p. 263. Thread 1 & 15: The definitions of gig/platform workers under the Social Security Code 2020.. Detailed provisions of the four new Labour Codes.
• Indian Polity, M. Laxmikanth(7th ed.) > Chapter 66: Lokpal and Lokayuktas > p. 508. Thread 6 & 13: Legal framework to check corruption and the role of the PC Act.. The history and powers of the Lokpal.

Revision Bullets

• 2.35 crore: Projected size of India's gig workforce by 2029-30.
• Section 17A, PC Act: Central point of debate regarding prior sanction in corruption probes.
• SPREE: Added 1.03 crore new workers to ESIC coverage.
• World's 2nd National Environmental Standard Laboratory: Inaugurated at CSIR-NPL, New Delhi.
• 3 new districts in Andhra Pradesh: Increasing the state total to 29.
• Aabhar Online Store: Indian Railways' initiative to promote ODOP products.

Sub-Themes and News Coverage (16 themes, 56 news items)

Administrative Accountability and Performance Assessment

Focus: Initiatives and reports focused on measuring governance performance, enforcing transparency, and evaluating administrative effectiveness across different levels of government.

UPSC Value: Useful for GS-2 (Governance) to understand mechanisms for civil service accountability, outcome-based monitoring, and administrative reforms.

5 news items in this theme:

• 2026-02-10 [Polity & Governance] — Civil Service Administrative Scorecards
  The Cabinet Secretariat has sent "administrative scorecards" to secretaries in the central government, assessing their performance and that of their departments based on a dozen parameters. The scorecards, sent by Cabinet Secretary Dr. T V Somanathan, cover September, October, and November 2025. File disposal carries the maximum marks (20), followed by output/activities and expenditure on schemes and capital expenditure (15 each).
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  UPSC Angle: Cabinet Secretariat sends administrative scorecards to government secretaries.

  Key Facts:

  • The Cabinet Secretariat has sent “administrative scorecards” to secretaries in the central government.
  • The scorecards assess Secretaries and their departments on about a dozen parameters, with a total of 100 marks.
  • The first set of scorecards, for September, October and November 2025, were sent in the first week of January this year by Cabinet Secretary Dr T V Somanathan.
  • File disposal carries the maximum marks of 20.
  • Output/activities and expenditure on schemes and capital expenditure both have 15 marks each.
• 2025-12-30 [Sports & Awards] — Bindra-led Task Force highlights deficits in Indian sports administration
  A Task Force led by Abhinav Bindra pointed out 'systemic deficits' in India's sports administration, including 'inadequate and ill-equipped' athletes for governance roles, and recommended setting up an autonomous statutory body to train a specialised cadre that would also feature IAS officers. Sports Minister Mansukh Mandaviya stated that all recommendations will be implemented.
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  UPSC Angle: Task Force highlights deficits in Indian sports administration.

  Key Facts:

  • The Sports Ministry Task Force was led by Abhinav Bindra.
  • The task force found 'systemic deficits' in India's sports administration.
  • The report recommends setting up an autonomous statutory body to train a specialised cadre including IAS officers.
  • Sports Minister Mansukh Mandaviya said all recommendations will be implemented.
• 2025-05-30 [Economy] — Appraisal of CSSs and CSs Ahead of 16th Finance Commission
  The Department of Expenditure, Ministry of Finance, has initiated a comprehensive exercise to appraise and approve Centrally Sponsored Schemes (CSSs) and Central Sector Schemes (CSs) for continuation post March 2026. This appraisal exercise, founded on the 2016 Union Budget, aims to ensure that no scheme continues indefinitely without proven effectiveness and relevance.
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  UPSC Angle: Appraisal of CSSs and CSs is underway for the 16th Finance Commission.

  Key Facts:

  • Ministry: Finance
  • Department: Department of Expenditure
  • Purpose: Appraise and approve Centrally Sponsored Schemes (CSSs) and Central Sector Schemes (CSs)
  • Timeline: Continuation post March 2026
  • Foundation: 2016 Union Budget policy of assigning a sunset clause and outcome-based evaluation
  • Mandate: Third-party evaluations for CSS and CS schemes
  • Schemes for re-evaluation: 54 CSSs and 260 CSs
  • Timeline: Before the 16th Finance Commission cycle
  • Emphasis: Fiscal prudence
• 2025-04-27 [Polity & Governance] — Lokpal Report on Asset Declaration Rules
  The Lokpal office released a report urging stricter enforcement of asset declaration rules for civil servants to enhance transparency. The report emphasizes the need for greater accountability and transparency among civil servants through rigorous enforcement of existing regulations.
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  UPSC Angle: Lokpal report urges stricter enforcement of asset declaration rules.

  Key Facts:

  • Released by the Lokpal office
  • Urges stricter enforcement of asset declaration rules
  • Applies to civil servants
  • Aims to enhance transparency
  • Report urging stricter enforcement
  • Asset declaration rules
  • For civil servants
  • To enhance transparency
• 2025-04-10 [Polity & Governance] — Panchayat Advancement Index (PAI) Report 2022–23
  The Ministry of Panchayati Raj launched the Panchayat Advancement Index (PAI) to evaluate the development of over 2.5 lakh Gram Panchayats (GPs) based on Localized Sustainable Development Goals (LSDGs). Gujarat leads with 346 Front Runner Gram Panchayats, followed by Telangana with 270. The PAI assesses progress across nine themes, including poverty-free, healthy, child-friendly, water-sufficient, clean and green, women-friendly, and well-governed Panchayats.
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  UPSC Angle: Panchayat Advancement Index (PAI) launched to evaluate Gram Panchayats.

  Key Facts:

  • Launched by the Ministry of Panchayati Raj
  • Measures development of over 2.5 lakh Gram Panchayats (GPs)
  • Based on Localized Sustainable Development Goals (LSDGs)
  • Gujarat has 346 Front Runner Gram Panchayats, followed by Telangana with 270
  • Based on 435 unique indicators (331 mandatory + 104 optional)
  • Drawn from 566 unique data points aligned with the National Indicator Framework (NIF)
  • Data collected and validated from 2,16,285 panchayats; validation pending for 11,712 GPs from 5 states/UTs
  • 699 GPs are Front Runners, 77,298 are Performers, 1,32,392 are Aspirants, and 5,896 at Beginner level

Social Security Expansion for Gig and Informal Workers

Focus: State and Central initiatives (SPREE, Ordinances) specifically aimed at registering and providing social security to the unorganized and gig workforce.

UPSC Value: Highlights the shift towards formalizing the informal economy and the federal challenges in regulating the gig economy.

5 news items in this theme:

• 2026-01-20 [Economy] — 1.03 Crore New Workers Added to ESIC
  Reforms in the Employees' State Insurance Corporation (ESIC) and Employees' Provident Fund Organisation (EPFO), particularly the Scheme to Promote Registration of Employers/Employees (SPREE), have extended social security coverage to over one crore workers. Under SPREE, 1.17 lakh employers and 1.03 crore employees were registered as of 11 January 2026.
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  UPSC Angle: 1.03 Crore New Workers Added to ESIC due to reforms.

  Key Facts:

  • Scheme: Scheme to Promote Registration of Employers/Employees (SPREE)
  • Employers registered: 1.17 lakh
  • Employees registered: 1.03 crore (as of 11 January 2026)
• 2026-01-14 [Economy] — India's Gig Economy Growth
  India's gig workforce is projected to grow from 1 crore in 2024–25 to 2.35 crore by 2029–30. The Code on Social Security, 2020 provides legal recognition and social security benefits to gig and platform workers.
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  UPSC Angle: India's gig workforce projected to grow significantly.

  Key Facts:

  • India's gig workforce is projected to grow from 1 crore in 2024–25 to 2.35 crore by 2029–30
  • Code on Social Security, 2020
• 2025-07-03 [Schemes & Programs] — Scheme for Promotion of Registration of Employers and Employees (SPREE) 2025
  The Employees' State Insurance Corporation (ESIC) has launched the Scheme for Promotion of Registration of Employers and Employees (SPREE) 2025. This initiative aims to expand social security coverage by allowing unregistered employers and employees, including contractual and temporary workers, to register digitally from July 1 to December 31, 2025, without inspections or demands for past dues. Registration will be effective from the declared date, with no retroactive contributions or benefits, encouraging voluntary compliance.
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  UPSC Angle: ESIC launches SPREE 2025 to expand social security coverage.

  Key Facts:

  • SPREE 2025 launched by ESIC
  • Allows unregistered employers and employees to register digitally
  • Registration period: July 1 to December 31, 2025
  • No inspections or demands for past dues during the registration period
  • Registration effective from the declared date
• 2025-07-03 [Economy] — Gig Workers Seek Minimum Wages and Social Security
  The Telangana Gig and Platform Workers' Union (TGPWU) urged the State government to ensure minimum wages, legal recognition, and comprehensive welfare schemes for gig and platform workers. Gig workers are considered "self-employed," with increasing female participation. According to a 2022 NITI Aayog report, India's gig workforce is projected to grow to 23.5 million by 2029-30.
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  UPSC Angle: Gig workers seek minimum wages and social security benefits.

  Key Facts:

  • Telangana Gig and Platform Workers' Union (TGPWU) demands minimum wages and social security
  • Gig workers are considered "self-employed"
  • Increasing female participation in the gig economy
  • India's gig workforce is projected to grow to 23.5 million by 2029-30 (NITI Aayog, 2022)
• 2025-05-30 [Polity & Governance] — Karnataka Ordinance for Platform-Based Gig Workers
  Karnataka passed the Platform-Based Gig Workers (Social Security and Welfare) Ordinance, 2025 to establish a legal framework for protecting and supporting gig workers across the state. The ordinance addresses gig workers, defined in Section 2(35) of the Code on Social Security, 2020 as those earning from work arrangements outside traditional employer–employee relationships.
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  UPSC Angle: Karnataka ordinance aims to provide social security for gig workers.

  Key Facts:

  • State: Karnataka
  • Ordinance: Platform-Based Gig Workers (Social Security and Welfare) Ordinance, 2025
  • Purpose: Protecting and supporting gig workers
  • Projection: Gig workers in India may rise to 23.5 million by 2030
  • Definition: A gig worker is a person who participates in a work arrangement and earns from such activities outside of a traditional employer–employee relationship as per Section 2(35) of the Code on Social Security, 2020
  • Ordinance: Karnataka Platform-Based Gig Workers (Social Security and Welfare) Ordinance, 2025
  • Purpose: Protect and support gig workers
  • Gig Worker Definition: Section 2(35) of the Code on Social Security, 2020
  • Projected Gig Workers in India by 2030: 23.5 million

Administrative Standardization and Procedural Reforms

Focus: Various ministries and departments issuing Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs), guidelines, and rule amendments to standardize and improve administrative efficiency.

UPSC Value: Highlights the continuous process of administrative reform and the role of SOPs in ensuring consistent governance across sectors (Health, Police, Law, Finance).

5 news items in this theme:

• 2025-11-01 [Economy] — UN Reforms and BPSS
  The Appointments Committee of the Cabinet (ACC) of the Government of India recently announced revised/consolidated guidelines for the selection of Whole-Time Directors of the Public Sector Banks (PSBs), reigniting the 'public vs. private' debate. A Board of Peace and Sustainable Security (BPSS) would fill the institutional void that undermines conflict resolution, working during and after conflict where UN political presence is low.
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  UPSC Angle: Not exam-relevant

• 2025-09-15 [Polity & Governance] — Police Reforms
  Amit Shah has asked the police research department (BPR&D) to study past protests and funding to develop standard operating procedures (SOP). This is aimed at improving law and order, protest management, and overall police reforms.
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  UPSC Angle: Police reforms; BPR&D to study protests and funding for SOP development.

  Key Facts:

  • BPR&D to study past protests & funding
• 2025-08-29 [Schemes & Programs] — Ministry of Health Issues Guidance on Diagnostic Imaging
  On August 29, 2025, the Ministry of Health issued Decision No. 2775/QD-BYT and Decision No. 2776/QD-BYT issuing professional documents including a total of 555 technical procedures, built to standardize professional practice, improve the quality of medical services and ensure safety for patients. The Ministry of Health has sent a document to the Ministry of Finance, clearly stating its views to ensure the unified implementation of the law and protect the legitimate rights of health insurance participants as well as medical examination and treatment facilities.
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  UPSC Angle: Ministry of Health issues guidance on diagnostic imaging.

  Key Facts:

  • August 29, 2025
  • Ministry of Health
  • Decision No. 2775/QD-BYT
  • Decision No. 2776/QD-BYT
  • 555 technical procedures
• 2025-06-08 [Polity & Governance] — Government Eases Procurement Rules for Scientific Research
  The government has amended the General Financial Rules (GFR) to increase procurement limits for scientific institutions, to promote ease of doing research in India. Directors, Vice-Chancellors, and Chancellors are now permitted non-GEM procurement for scientific equipment and consumables. The reform aims to reduce procedural delays, enhance autonomy, and accelerate innovation.
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  UPSC Angle: Government eases procurement rules for scientific research.

  Key Facts:

  • Government has amended the General Financial Rules (GFR) to increase procurement limits for scientific institutions.
  • Directors, Vice-Chancellors, and Chancellors are now permitted non-GEM procurement for scientific equipment and consumables.
  • In 2019, the government mandated procurement through the Government e-Marketplace (GeM) for scientific labs.
  • The purpose was to improve self-sufficiency (Atmanirbhar Bharat).
  • Previous rule mandated procurement through GEM, prioritizing the cheapest available Made-in-India options.
• 2025-04-12 [Polity & Governance] — Ministry of Law Directive on Litigation Management
  The Ministry of Law has issued a directive titled "Directive for the efficient and effective management of litigation by government of India" to promote good governance, public welfare, and timely dispensation of justice. The directive serves as a standard operating procedure for litigation management, applicable to all central government ministries, departments, attached and subordinate offices, and autonomous bodies.
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  UPSC Angle: Directive for efficient litigation management by the Government of India.

  Key Facts:

  • Directive title: Directive for the efficient and effective management of litigation by government of India.

Expansion of National Research and Testing Infrastructure

Focus: The inauguration and establishment of specialized government laboratories for environmental, industrial, forensic, and biological research.

UPSC Value: Highlights the government's push to upgrade scientific infrastructure and testing capabilities across critical sectors like environment, power, and security.

4 news items in this theme:

• 2026-01-16 [Science & Technology] — India's First State-Funded BSL-4 lab in Gujarat
  India's first state-funded Bio-Safety Level 4 containment facility and laboratory is being set up in Gandhinagar, Gujarat, to research zoonotic diseases. Currently, only one civilian BSL-4 laboratory is functional in India, located at the National Institute of Virology (NIV) in Pune, Maharashtra.
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  UPSC Angle: India's first state-funded BSL-4 lab in Gujarat.

  Key Facts:

  • The lab is located in Gandhinagar, Gujarat
  • It will research zoonotic diseases
  • One civilian BSL-4 laboratory is currently functional in India, located at the National Institute of Virology (NIV) in Pune, Maharashtra
  • Gujarat first state in India with own pathogen research laboratory
  • Laboratory is Level 4
• 2026-01-06 [Science & Technology] — India Inaugurates National Environmental Standard Laboratory
  India has inaugurated the world's second National Environmental Standard Laboratory (NESL) at CSIR–NPL, New Delhi, designed as an apex national facility for testing, calibration, and certification of air pollution monitoring equipment under Indian climatic and environmental conditions. Additionally, the world's fifth National Primary Standard Facility for Solar Cell Calibration was also inaugurated.
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  UPSC Angle: India inaugurates National Environmental Standard Laboratory (NESL).

  Key Facts:

  • India inaugurated the world's second National Environmental Standard Laboratory (NESL)
  • Inaugurated the world's fifth National Primary Standard Facility for Solar Cell Calibration
  • Location: CSIR–NPL, New Delhi
  • NESL is an apex national facility for testing, calibration, and certification of air pollution monitoring equipment
  • Focuses on air pollution monitoring equipment under Indian climatic and environmental conditions
  • Facility: National Environmental Standard Laboratory (NESL)
  • Purpose: Testing, calibration, and certification of air pollution monitoring equipment
• 2025-09-11 [Science & Technology] — CPRI's Regional Testing Laboratory Inaugurated in Nashik
  Union Minister Shri Manohar Lal Khattar inaugurated the Central Power Research Institute’s Regional Testing Laboratory (RTL) in Nashik. The lab will provide advanced testing services for electrical and power equipment, aiming to boost quality assurance and accelerate India's power sector growth.
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  UPSC Angle: CPRI's Regional Testing Laboratory inaugurated in Nashik.

  Key Facts:

  • Inaugurated in Nashik by Union Minister Shri Manohar Lal Khattar.
  • Provides advanced testing services for electrical and power equipment.
• 2025-06-04 [Defense & Security] — Amit Shah Inaugurates CFSL Building in Kolkata
  Union Home Minister Amit Shah inaugurated the newly constructed Central Forensic Science Laboratory (CFSL) building in Kolkata, built at a cost of ₹88 crore. The facility will bolster forensic capabilities across eastern and northeastern states, aiding a secure, transparent, and evidence-based justice system.
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  UPSC Angle: Amit Shah inaugurates CFSL building in Kolkata.

  Key Facts:

  • Amit Shah inaugurated the new Central Forensic Science Laboratory (CFSL) building in Kolkata.
  • The facility was built at a cost of ₹88 crore.
  • The facility will bolster forensic capabilities across eastern and northeastern states.

State-Level Administrative Expansion and Territorial Restructuring

Focus: A pattern of state governments expanding or modifying their administrative units, executive cabinets, and legal service capacity to accommodate population growth and governance needs.

UPSC Value: Relevant for GS Paper II (Governance and Indian Federalism), specifically regarding the evolution of administrative units and the machinery of state governments.

4 news items in this theme:

• 2025-11-28 [Polity & Governance] — Andhra Pradesh Approves Creation of New Districts
  The Government of Andhra Pradesh has approved the formation of three new districts, increasing the total from 26 to 29, along with five new revenue divisions and one new mandal to strengthen local administration.
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  UPSC Angle: Andhra Pradesh Approves Creation of New Districts.

  Key Facts:

  • Andhra Pradesh
  • 3 new districts
  • 29 total districts
  • 5 new revenue divisions
  • 1 new mandal
• 2025-10-21 [Polity & Governance] — Law Ministry Amends Notaries Rules, 1956
  The Ministry of Law and Justice has amended the Notaries Rules, 1956, increasing the maximum number of notaries in Gujarat (2,900 to 6,000), Tamil Nadu (2,500 to 3,500), Rajasthan (2,000 to 3,000), and Nagaland (200 to 400). This is to address rising demand driven by population growth and administrative expansion.
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  UPSC Angle: Amendments to Notaries Rules, 1956, increasing notary numbers in states.

  Key Facts:

  • Notaries Rules, 1956 amended
  • Gujarat: Notaries increased from 2,900 to 6,000
  • Tamil Nadu: Notaries increased from 2,500 to 3,500
  • Rajasthan: Notaries increased from 2,000 to 3,000
  • Nagaland: Notaries increased from 200 to 400
• 2025-10-19 [Polity & Governance] — Gujarat Cabinet Expansion
  The Gujarat state government expanded its cabinet under Chief Minister Bhupendra Patel, inducting 19 new ministers and retaining 6, bringing the total strength to 26. Harsh Sanghvi was appointed as the Deputy CM. Rivaba Jadeja and 24 others were sworn in as ministers.
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  UPSC Angle: Not exam-relevant

  Key Facts:

  • Gujarat
  • Cabinet expansion
  • Bhupendra Patel
  • Chief Minister
  • 19 new ministers inducted
  • 6 ministers retained
  • Total strength: 26
  • Harsh Sanghvi: Deputy CM
  • Rivaba Jadeja: Minister
• 2025-04-01 [Geography] — Uttarakhand Renames 18 Places
  Uttarakhand Chief Minister Pushkar Singh Dhami announced the renaming of 18 places in Haridwar, Dehradun, Nainital, and Udham Singh Nagar districts to respect public sentiments.
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  UPSC Angle: Uttarakhand renames 18 places.

  Key Facts:

  • Chief Minister: Pushkar Singh Dhami
  • Districts: Haridwar, Dehradun, Nainital, Udham Singh Nagar
  • Number of places renamed: 18
  • Reason: To respect public sentiments
  • Date of announcement: March 31, 2025

Standardization via 'One Nation/District' Policy Frameworks

Focus: Government initiatives and industry proposals that utilize the 'One Nation' or 'One District' branding to replace fragmented regional regulations or systems with a unified national standard.

UPSC Value: Understanding the trend of administrative centralization and sectoral standardization in India's governance and industrial policy.

3 news items in this theme:

• 2026-01-21 [Polity & Governance] — India's Elevator Industry Seeks Unified Law
  India's elevator and escalator sector is advocating for a unified 'One Nation, One Lift Law' (ONOL) to enhance safety, simplify regulations, and promote sustainable growth. The industry, experiencing rapid growth, sees the need for a national framework as annual elevator sales approach 1 lakh units.
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  UPSC Angle: India's elevator industry seeks unified 'One Nation, One Lift Law'.

  Key Facts:

  • Seeking a unified 'One Nation, One Lift Law' (ONOL)
  • Annual elevator sales nearing 1 lakh units
• 2025-11-01 [Economy] — Indian Railways and 'Aabhar' Online Store
  The Indian Railways will patronise the newly launched 'Aabhar' online store to promote local talent, showcasing gift items manufactured under the One District One Product (ODOP) initiative. One District One Product (ODOP) was launched by the Ministry of Food Processing Industries in 2018 to help districts reach their full potential and foster economic and socio-cultural growth.
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  UPSC Angle: Indian Railways to patronize 'Aabhar' online store for ODOP products.

  Key Facts:

  • One District One Product (ODOP) was launched by the Ministry of Food Processing Industries in 2018.
  • Aabhar online store
  • One District One Product (ODOP)
  • Ministry of Food Processing Industries
  • Launched in 2018
• 2025-08-28 [Science & Technology] — Sci-Hub Ban and ONOS Scheme
  The Delhi High Court has ordered authorities to block access to Sci-Hub and Libgen due to copyright infringement. The government's One Nation, One Subscription (ONOS) scheme, launched in 2024 with an outlay of ₹6,000 crore, is positioned as a legitimate alternative to piracy.
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  UPSC Angle: Delhi HC orders blocking Sci-Hub/Libgen; ONOS scheme launched in 2024.

  Key Facts:

  • Delhi High Court directed blocking of Sci-Hub and Libgen
  • One Nation, One Subscription (ONOS) scheme is being positioned as a legitimate alternative to piracy
  • ONOS launched in 2024, with an outlay of ₹6,000 crore for the first phase (2023–26)
  • Phase I covers public institutions and universities; Phase II to include private institutes and colleges
  • Negotiates bulk deals with 30 publishers to give access to 13,000 journals

Public Accountability and Ethical Governance Framework

Focus: Items focusing on the mechanisms of integrity in public service, including anti-corruption investigations, legal statutes for prosecution, and institutional guardians of ethics.

UPSC Value: Useful for GS Paper 4 (Ethics) and GS Paper 2 (Governance) to understand the interplay between enforcement (probes), law (PC Act), and institutions (UPSC).

3 news items in this theme:

• 2026-01-19 [Polity & Governance] — Prior Sanction in Corruption Cases
  A two-judge Bench of the Supreme Court of India delivered a split verdict on the constitutional validity of Section 17A of the Prevention of Corruption (PC) Act, 1988, in the Centre for Public Interest Litigation (CPIL) vs Union of India. Section 17A of the Patents Act allows governments to import patented medicines without the patentee's consent for public use.
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  UPSC Angle: SC split verdict on Section 17A of Prevention of Corruption Act validity.

  Key Facts:

  • Case: Centre for Public Interest Litigation (CPIL) vs Union of India
  • Section 47(4) of the Patents Act allows governments to import patented medicines without the patentee's consent for public use
  • Section 66 empowers the Central Government to revoke patents in public interest if they are prejudicial to the public
  • Section 92A enables compulsory licensing for manufacture and export of medicines to countries lacking manufacturing capacity
  • Section 102 permits acquisition of patents by the government for public purposes under eminent domain
  • Abusive patentees can also be proceeded against under the Competition Act, 2002 for abuse of dominant position
• 2026-01-14 [Polity & Governance] — Anti-corruption probe ordered in government hospital tendering process
  An anti-corruption probe has been ordered concerning the tendering process in a government hospital. This is significant for UPSC as it covers governance, transparency, and ethics in public administration.
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  UPSC Angle: Anti-corruption probe ordered in government hospital tendering process.

  Key Facts:

  • Transparency
  • public procurement
  • institutional accountability
  • Ethics in public administration
• 2025-10-01 [Polity & Governance] — UPSC Centenary
  The Union Public Service Commission (UPSC) marked its centenary on October 1, 2025, completing 100 years since its establishment in 1926. It celebrates its legacy as the guardian of meritocracy and impartial civil service recruitment in India. The UPSC's role in nurturing competent, diverse, and ethical officers has steered the nation through various challenges.
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  UPSC Angle: UPSC marked its centenary on October 1, 2025.

  Key Facts:

  • UPSC completed 100 years on October 1, 2025, established in 1926.

Administrative and Legal Simplification for Citizen-Centric Governance

Focus: A specific policy focus on 'Ease of...' (Life, Business, Justice) achieved through the repeal of obsolete laws and technological modernization of state systems.

UPSC Value: Relevant for GS Paper II (Governance and Ease of Doing Business) and GS Paper IV (Citizen-centric administration).

3 news items in this theme:

• 2025-12-09 [Polity & Governance] — PM Modi emphasizes citizen convenience in lawmaking to NDA MPs
  Prime Minister Narendra Modi communicated to NDA MPs that "Ease of Life" and "Ease of doing business" are top priorities for the NDA government, which is in a "Reform Express" phase focused on citizen-centric policies, not just revenue.
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  UPSC Angle: PM emphasizes citizen convenience in lawmaking, prioritizing 'Ease of Life'.

  Key Facts:

  • Prime Minister Narendra Modi
  • NDA MPs
  • Ease of Life
  • Ease of doing business
  • Reform Express
• 2025-11-30 [Polity & Governance] — Technological Modernisation of Justice System
  PM Narendra Modi has advocated for "ease of justice," especially for the poorest citizens, emphasizing virtual hearings and translated judgments. Union Law Minister Arjun Ram Meghwal noted the need for e-courts and AI-enabled systems in the judicial system.
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  UPSC Angle: PM advocates for 'ease of justice' via virtual hearings and translated judgments.

  Key Facts:

  • PM Modi called for “ease of justice” even for the poorest.
  • PM Modi highlighted virtual hearings and translated judgments for greater accessibility.
  • Union Law Minister Arjun Ram Meghwal said judicial competence now requires e-courts and AI-enabled systems.
• 2025-05-25 [Polity & Governance] — PM Modi at NITI Aayog Meeting Urges States to Boost Growth
  Prime Minister Narendra Modi addressed the 10th Governing Council Meeting of NITI Aayog, urging states to boost growth by removing outdated laws, leveraging Free Trade Agreements (FTAs) to enhance exports and attract FDI, and promoting manufacturing and service sectors. He emphasized the importance of disaster management and preparedness, citing Operation Sindoor, and highlighted NITI Aayog's role in policy alignment between the Union and State governments.
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  UPSC Angle: PM Modi urges states to boost growth at NITI Aayog meeting.

  Key Facts:

  • PM addressed the 10th Governing Council Meeting of NITI Aayog
  • States urged to review and repeal obsolete laws
  • States encouraged to leverage Free Trade Agreements (FTAs)
  • Focus on promoting manufacturing and service sectors
  • Emphasis on disaster management and preparedness, citing Operation Sindoor
  • Prime Minister Narendra Modi
  • 10th Governing Council Meeting of NITI Aayog
  • Viksit Bharat by 2047
  • Free Trade Agreements (FTAs)
  • Operation Sindoor
  • Civil defence and disaster preparedness

Public Sector Recruitment and Specialized Cadre Reforms

Focus: Proposals and reforms aimed at institutionalizing specialized recruitment frameworks and management cadres to improve administrative efficiency and professional standards.

UPSC Value: Relevant for Governance and Administrative Reforms, focusing on the professionalization of public services and recruitment bodies.

3 news items in this theme:

• 2025-11-24 [Polity & Governance] — Reforms in State Public Service Commissions (PSCs)
  State Public Service Commissions (PSCs) are responsible for recruitment to government posts at the state level, and reforms are needed to enhance their efficiency and credibility. Issues include financial constraints, irregular syllabus revisions, and a limited academic pool, impacting the quality of question papers.
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  UPSC Angle: Reforms needed in State Public Service Commissions (PSCs).

  Key Facts:

  • State PSCs responsible for state-level recruitment
  • Financial constraints and funding shortages
  • Irregular syllabus revision
  • Limited academic pool
• 2025-03-28 [Polity & Governance] — House panel recommends framework for direct recruitment in CBI
  A Parliamentary committee recommended that the CBI develop an independent framework by allowing direct recruitment through SSC, UPSC, or a dedicated CBI examination. The recommendation comes because the CBI has a shortage of suitable deputations.
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  UPSC Angle: House panel recommends direct recruitment framework for CBI.

  Key Facts:

  • Recommendation: CBI develop an independent framework by allowing direct recruitment through SSC, UPSC, or a dedicated CBI examination.
• 2025-03-17 [Polity & Governance] — State Public Health Cadres recommended for dedicated employment
  To improve public health education, the government should create a dedicated Public Health Management Cadre (PHMC) at the state and central levels to ensure structured employment for MPH graduates. A central body should regulate MPH programs, ensuring a uniform curriculum with a balance of theoretical knowledge and practical skills.
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  UPSC Angle: Recommendation for State Public Health Cadres for dedicated employment.

  Key Facts:

  • Establishment of a Public Health Cadre
  • Standardization of MPH Curriculum by central body
  • States like Tamil Nadu and Maharashtra have proposed such cadres

Government Procurement and Tender Administration

Focus: Administrative actions and procedural stages involving government tenders, including issuance, technical evaluation, and cancellation of procurement processes.

UPSC Value: Understanding the administrative lifecycle and regulatory oversight of public procurement and government contracts is essential for the Governance and Public Policy sections of the syllabus.

3 news items in this theme:

• 2025-11-22 [Environment & Ecology] — Jharkhand Forest Department: Tender for Sisal Fiber Sale
  The Department of Forest, Environment & Climate Change, Jharkhand, issued a tender notice on November 13, 2025, regarding the sale of sisal fiber. This relates to forest produce and potential revenue generation for the state.
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  UPSC Angle: Jharkhand tender for sisal fiber sale: revenue implications for forest department.

  Key Facts:

  • Department: Department of Forest, Environment & Climate Change, Jharkhand
  • Tender Notice: Sale of Sisal Fiber
  • Date: November 13, 2025
• 2025-10-31 [Polity & Governance] — Technical Evaluation Report for Establishment Division
  The Establishment Division, Cabinet Secretariat, Government of Pakistan, has a Technical Evaluation Report with a closing date of October 31, 2025. The report relates to hiring consultancy services.
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  UPSC Angle: Not exam-relevant

  Key Facts:

  • Establishment Division
  • Technical Evaluation Report
  • Closing Date: 10/31/2025
  • Hiring of Consultancy Services
• 2025-09-26 [Polity & Governance] — National Green Tribunal cancels canteen tender
  On September 26, 2025, the National Green Tribunal (NGT) issued a circular cancelling the Notice Inviting Tender for canteen facility at National Green Tribunal Principal Bench dated 2025-08-23.
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  UPSC Angle: Not exam-relevant

  Key Facts:

  • National Green Tribunal
  • canteen facility tender cancelled
  • 2025-08-23

Modernization of Real Estate Governance and Property Registration Laws

Focus: Judicial and executive initiatives aimed at reforming property registration processes and real estate regulatory oversight to improve transparency and security.

UPSC Value: Highlights the intersection of technology (Blockchain), legislative reform (Registration Bill), and judicial oversight (RERA) in land governance and ease of doing business.

3 news items in this theme:

• 2025-11-08 [Polity & Governance] — SC Advocates Blockchain in Property Registration
  The Supreme Court directed the Law Commission of India to prepare a report on restructuring colonial-era laws governing property transactions, suggesting the examination of Blockchain technology for property registration to create a secure and transparent digital ledger.
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  UPSC Angle: SC advocates Blockchain in property registration.

  Key Facts:

  • SC directed Law Commission of India to prepare report on restructuring property laws
  • Suggested examining Blockchain technology for property registration
  • Blockchain creates secure, transparent, and immutable digital ledger
• 2025-06-23 [Polity & Governance] — Ministry of Rural Development Seeks Input on Draft Registration Bill 2025
  The Ministry of Rural Development (MoRD) has invited suggestions on the new draft Registration Bill 2025, with concerns raised about the need for stronger cybersecurity to protect digital records and e-signature data. Delegating registration tasks to Common Services Centres (CSCs) may also lead to procedural gaps in legally sensitive processes like stamp duty valuation and title transfer.
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  UPSC Angle: Ministry of Rural Development Seeks Input on Draft Registration Bill.

  Key Facts:

  • Ministry of Rural Development (MoRD): Released draft Registration Bill 2025
  • Concerns: Need for stronger cybersecurity
  • Common Services Centres (CSCs): Delegation of registration tasks may lead to procedural gaps
• 2025-03-05 [Polity & Governance] — SC Expresses Displeasure Over Functioning of RERA
  The Supreme Court Bench expressed displeasure over the functioning of the Real Estate Regulatory Authority (RERA). The remarks were about RERA and its functions.
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  UPSC Angle: SC expresses displeasure over the functioning of RERA.

  Key Facts:

  • Real Estate Regulatory Authority (RERA)

National Honors and Awards Administration

Focus: Administrative and logistical processes involved in state-level recognition systems, including procurement of physical medals, nomination procedures, and investiture ceremonies.

UPSC Value: Understanding the administrative mechanisms and ceremonial aspects of state recognition systems across different jurisdictions.

3 news items in this theme:

• 2025-10-22 [Defense & Security] — Invitation to Bid - Military Medals
  The Ministry of Defence, Pakistan, announced an invitation to bid for military medals. The opening date is October 22, 2025, and the closing date is November 20, 2025.
  More details

  UPSC Angle: Not exam-relevant

  Key Facts:

  • Invitation to Bid - Military Medals
  • Opening Date: 10/22/2025
  • Closing Date: 11/20/2025
• 2025-10-14 [Society & Culture] — National Honours & Investiture Ceremony - Bahamas
  The National Honours for 2025 took place on October 13th and 14th in the Bahamas. More than 500 people were to receive national honors during three sessions.
  More details

  UPSC Angle: Not exam-relevant

  Key Facts:

  • October 13th
  • October 14th
  • 2025
  • Bahamas
  • National Honours
  • 500
• 2025-05-01 [Sports & Awards] — Padma Awards 2025 Nominations Open
  The nomination process for the Padma Awards 2025, which will be announced on Republic Day, 2025, commenced on May 1, 2024, with a final submission date of September 15, 2024. Nominations are submitted online via the Rashtriya Puraskar Portal. The awards, established in 1954, recognize outstanding contributions in various fields and are open to all individuals regardless of race, occupation, position, or gender, although government employees (excluding doctors and scientists) are ineligible.
  More details

  UPSC Angle: Not exam-relevant

  Key Facts:

  • Padma Awards 2025
  • Nomination commenced: May 1, 2024
  • Final date for submitting nominations: September 15, 2024
  • Awards to be announced on Republic Day, 2025
  • Awards given in three categories: Padma Vibhushan, Padma Bhushan, and Padma Shri
  • Awards recognize outstanding contributions in fields like Art, Literature, Education, Sports, Medicine, Social Work, Science, Engineering, Public Affairs, Civil Service, Trade, and Industry.
  • Nominations submitted online through Rashtriya Puraskar Portal: https://awards.gov.in
  • Government employees ineligible (except doctors and scientists)
  • Awards established in 1954

Institutional and Ethical Frameworks for Governance Reform

Focus: These items focus on structural and ethical improvements to the executive and legislative branches to enhance transparency, accountability, and effective service delivery.

UPSC Value: This thread connects GS Paper II (Governance and Polity) and GS Paper IV (Ethics) by linking institutional oversight mechanisms with the behavioral expectations of civil servants.

3 news items in this theme:

• 2025-10-12 [Polity & Governance] — Democratic Reforms Beyond Elections
  Democratic reforms are continuous efforts to deepen and strengthen the democratic process by ensuring transparency, accountability, participation, and inclusiveness in governance. Reforms initially focused on elections and political processes but now extend to administration, judiciary, economy, and society to achieve substantive democracy.
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  UPSC Angle: Democratic reforms deepen democracy via transparency, accountability, participation, and inclusiveness.

  Key Facts:

  • Key aspects: transparency, accountability, participation, inclusiveness in governance
• 2025-06-13 [Polity & Governance] — UPSC relevant points from PIB
  Civil servants' guiding principle should be to bring positive transformation in people's lives while also being compassionate and fair. Civil servants have to adapt to evolving governance contexts, continuous learning, and self-reflection are essential for modern governance.
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  UPSC Angle: Civil servants should bring positive transformation and be compassionate.

  Key Facts:

  • civil servants
  • positive transformation
  • compassion
  • fairness
  • duty
  • innovation
  • transparency
  • effective governance
  • technological advancements
  • changing societal expectations
  • global shifts
  • continuous learning
  • self-reflection
• 2025-05-03 [Polity & Governance] — Reforms for Strengthening Legislative Oversight
  To strengthen legislative oversight, India needs to institutionalise post-legislative scrutiny, enhance committee visibility, and ensure key reports are translated, visually explained, and debated in Parliament with mandatory ministerial replies. Policy reforms based on committee inputs have had demonstrated impact, such as the Railways Committee recommending waiving dividend payments implemented in 2016, and the Transport Committee influencing key amendments to the Motor Vehicles Bill in 2017. The Committee on Public Undertakings advised starting highway projects only after 80% land and clearances were secured.
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  UPSC Angle: Reforms needed to strengthen legislative oversight in India.

  Key Facts:

  • Railways Committee recommended waiving dividend payments (implemented in 2016)
  • Transport Committee influenced amendments to Motor Vehicles Bill (2017)
  • Committee on Public Undertakings advised securing 80% land/clearances before highway projects
  • Motor Vehicles Bill (2017)
  • Committee on Public Undertakings
  • Estimates Committee
  • Public Accounts Committee (PAC)

Modernization and Governance of Health and Demographic Data

Focus: Government initiatives and reports focused on improving the accuracy, reporting, and digital management of vital statistics and health service data.

UPSC Value: Illustrates the transition toward data-driven governance in India's public health sector, emphasizing the role of digital infrastructure and institutional oversight in policy accuracy.

3 news items in this theme:

• 2025-09-07 [Society & Culture] — SRS Report on Birth and Death Rates
  In September 2025, the Office of the Registrar General & Census Commissioner of India (RGI&CCI) released the Sample Registration System (SRS) Bulletin 2023. The report highlighted that for the 1st time, India's birth and death rates have declined to nearly 50% i.e. to 18.4 and 6.4 in 2023, compared to 36.9 and 14.9 in 1971, respectively.
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  UPSC Angle: SRS Bulletin 2023: Birth/death rate trends; Registrar General & Census Commissioner.

  Key Facts:

  • The Office of the Registrar General & Census Commissioner of India (RGI&CCI) released the Sample Registration System (SRS) Bulletin 2023 in September 2025.
  • India's birth and death rates have declined to nearly 50%.
  • Birth rate in 2023: 18.4.
  • Death rate in 2023: 6.4.
  • Birth rate in 1971: 36.9.
  • Death rate in 1971: 14.9.
• 2025-04-23 [Schemes & Programs] — Next-Generation Health Management Information System (HMIS)
  The Central Government Health Scheme (CGHS) will undergo a complete digital overhaul with the launch of its next-generation Health Management Information System (HMIS). HMIS is a comprehensive digital healthcare platform for managing and delivering CGHS services to central government employees, pensioners, and their dependents.
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  UPSC Angle: CGHS to undergo digital overhaul with next-generation HMIS.

  Key Facts:

  • Central Government Health Scheme (CGHS)
  • Next-generation Health Management Information System (HMIS)
  • Digital healthcare platform
  • Central government employees
  • Pensioners
  • Dependents
• 2025-04-09 [Polity & Governance] — Registrar General of India flags hospital delays in reporting births, deaths
  The Registrar General of India (RGI) has raised concerns about delays by hospitals in reporting events of birth and death, which impacts governance and policy implementation.
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  UPSC Angle: RGI flags hospital delays in reporting births/deaths impacting governance.

  Key Facts:

  • The Registrar General of India (RGI) flagged delays by hospitals in reporting births and deaths.

Rebranding and Renaming of Public Institutions and Schemes

Focus: Government actions involving the renaming or reorganization of established institutions and welfare schemes to honor prominent figures or align with new policy frameworks.

UPSC Value: Illustrates the intersection of administrative policy, political symbolism, and the preservation of national heritage in governance.

3 news items in this theme:

• 2025-07-06 [Society & Culture] — Karnataka Renames Bengaluru City University
  In July 2025, the Karnataka Cabinet approved the renaming of Bengaluru City University (BCU) to 'Dr. Manmohan Singh City University', honoring former Prime Minister Manmohan Singh, who passed away on December 26, 2024. This is the first university named after him. The state government also approved renaming Bengaluru Rural district as Bengaluru North and Bagepalli taluk as Baghyanagara.
  More details

  UPSC Angle: Not exam-relevant

  Key Facts:

  • University: Bengaluru City University (BCU)
  • New Name: Dr. Manmohan Singh City University
  • State: Karnataka
  • Former PM: Manmohan Singh
  • Date of Passing: December 26, 2024
• 2025-07-03 [Polity & Governance] — Savitribai Phule National Institute of Women and Child Development
  The National Institute of Public Cooperation and Child Development (NIPCCD) has been renamed the Savitribai Phule National Institute of Women and Child Development.
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  UPSC Angle: NIPCCD renamed Savitribai Phule National Institute of Women and Child Development.

  Key Facts:

  • National Institute of Public Cooperation and Child Development (NIPCCD) renamed
  • New name: Savitribai Phule National Institute of Women and Child Development
• 2025-04-08 [Schemes & Programs] — Palna Scheme Under Mission Shakti
  The erstwhile National Creche Scheme was reorganized and renamed as Palna Scheme under the sub scheme 'Samarthya' of 'Mission Shakti' in 2022. Palna is a Centrally Sponsored Scheme with a funding ratio of 60:40 between Centre and State Governments and UTs with legislature except North East & Special Category States where ratio is 90:10. For UTs without a legislature, 100% funding is provided by the central government.
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  UPSC Angle: Palna Scheme under Mission Shakti provides creche services.

  Key Facts:

  • Palna Scheme reorganized from National Creche Scheme in 2022
  • Sub scheme 'Samarthya' of 'Mission Shakti'
  • Centrally Sponsored Scheme
  • Funding ratio of 60:40 between Centre and State Governments and UTs with legislature
  • 90:10 funding ratio for North East & Special Category States
  • 100% funding by central government for UTs without a legislature

Digital Land Governance & Property Rights

Focus: Focuses specifically on the modernization of land records and the SVAMITVA scheme to resolve ownership disputes.

UPSC Value: Highlights the transition from litigation-heavy manual records to digitized, drone-surveyed property rights (SVAMITVA).

3 news items in this theme:

• 2025-06-02 [Polity & Governance] — Land Disputes and Digitization in India
  Over 66% of civil cases in Indian courts are land/property-related, often due to a lack of digitized, tamper-proof land maps. Streamlining land and property record systems is essential for planned urban development, as nearly 40% of India's population is expected to live in urban areas by 2030. Digitized khasra maps linked with land records can support easy credit access, crop insurance schemes, and PM-KISAN initiatives.
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  UPSC Angle: Land disputes and digitization challenges in India.

  Key Facts:

  • Over 66% of civil cases in Indian courts are land/property-related
  • Nearly 40% of India's population expected to live in urban areas by 2030 (2023-24 Economic Survey)
• 2025-05-14 [Schemes & Programs] — SVAMITVA Scheme
  India participated as a Country Champion at the World Bank Land Conference in Washington D.C., showcasing its rural land governance reforms, particularly the SVAMITVA Scheme. The SVAMITVA Scheme, launched by the Ministry of Panchayati Raj, aims to provide rural landowners with legal ownership of their residential land through drone-based surveys and property cards.
  More details

  UPSC Angle: India showcases SVAMITVA Scheme at World Bank Land Conference.

  Key Facts:

  • World Bank Land Conference 2025 Theme: 'Securing Land Tenure and Access for Climate Action'
  • Launched by: Ministry of Panchayati Raj, Government of India
  • Objective: To provide rural landowners with legal ownership of their residential land through drone-based surveys and property cards
  • Implementation starts with a Memorandum of Understanding between Survey of India and State Governments
  • CORS Network Setup: Continuously Operating Reference Stations enable high-accuracy geo-referencing using Real-Time Kinematic corrections
  • World Bank Land Conference 2025
  • SVAMITVA Scheme
  • Ministry of Panchayati Raj
  • drone-based surveys
  • property cards
• 2025-04-24 [Schemes & Programs] — SVAMITVA Scheme Achievements in 5 Years
  The SVAMITVA (Survey of Villages and Mapping with Improvised Technology in Village Areas) Scheme completed 5 years. Launched on April 24, 2020, the scheme aims to provide legal ownership papers for houses and land in villages using drones and mapping technology. Over 2.42 crore property cards have been created for 1.61 lakh villages, and drone surveys have been completed in 3.20 lakh villages, covering 68,122 sq. km of area.
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  UPSC Angle: SVAMITVA Scheme completed 5 years, providing legal ownership papers.

  Key Facts:

  • SVAMITVA Scheme completed 5 years
  • Launched on April 24, 2020
  • Aims to provide legal ownership papers using drones and mapping technology
  • Over 2.42 crore property cards created for 1.61 lakh villages
  • Drone surveys completed in 3.20 lakh villages, covering 68,122 sq. km
  • Budget of ₹566.23 crores from FY 2020-21 to 2024-25, with an extension to FY 2025-26