India's Sovereign Deep-Tech Stack: UPSC Current Affairs Analysis & Study Strategy

In-Depth Analysis

The Big Picture

India is undergoing a fundamental pivot from being the world's 'IT back-office' to a 'Sovereign Deep-Tech Power.' This involves building a vertically integrated ecosystem where India owns the IP from the transistor level (Semiconductors) to the intelligence level (Sovereign AI) and the security level (Quantum Communications). The primary driver is 'Technological Autonomy'—ensuring that critical infrastructure for defense, finance, and governance is not vulnerable to global supply chain shocks or geopolitical leverage.

Cross-Theme Insight

The 'Sovereign Stack' is no longer a collection of isolated missions; it is an integrated architectural layer. The **India Semiconductor Mission (ISM)** provides the hardware (chips like SHAKTI/VEGA), the **IndiaAI Mission** provides the indigenous intelligence (BharatGen LLM) to run on that hardware, and the **National Quantum Mission** secures the data transmission via Quantum Key Distribution (QKD). This convergence ensures that India's digital public infrastructure (DPI) moves from 'software-only' (UPI/Aadhaar) to a complete 'hardware-software-security' sovereign loop.

Textbook vs Reality Gap

Standard textbooks (e.g., Nitin Singhania 2nd Ed) focus on the 'National Policy on Electronics 2019' as a roadmap. However, current reality has transitioned to **Mission Implementation (2024-2025)**: the approval of the Tata-PSMC Dholera fab (India's first commercial fab) and the Kaynes/CG Power OSAT units. While Vivek Singh (7th Ed) mentions 'Aatmanirbhar Bharat' broadly, the current focus is specifically on 'Mission-Mode' execution like the ₹10,372 crore IndiaAI Mission and the procurement of 10,000+ GPUs, which are not yet detailed in most standard static texts.

How This Theme Is Evolving

The theme has evolved through three distinct phases: 1. **Assembly (2014-2019):** Focused on 'Phased Manufacturing Programmes' (e.g., mobile assembly). 2. **Component Indigenization (2020-2023):** Focused on PLI schemes for electronics and drones. 3. **Deep-Tech Sovereignty (2024-2026):** Focus on owning core Intellectual Property (IP), such as RISC-V microprocessors, indigenous Foundation Models (BharatGen), and Gallium Nitride (GaN) semiconductors for strategic use.

UPSC Exam Intelligence

Previous Year Question Pattern

UPSC has shifted from testing broad indigenization (e.g., 'Is Tejas indigenous?' - CDS 2011) to testing specific technical applications and multi-purpose utility. Recent questions focus on drone applications in agriculture (IAS 2020/2022) and the technicality of Quantum computing (IAS 2022). Future questions are likely to target 'Sovereign AI' vs. Private AI and the strategic importance of Silicon Carbide (SiC) vs. Silicon (Si) semiconductors.

Probable Prelims Angles

• Technical specs of BharatGen (22 languages, multimodal, IIT Bombay led).
• Nodal agencies: IndiaAI Mission (Digital India Corporation), ISM (India Semiconductor Mission under MeitY).
• Difference between OSAT (Outsourced Semiconductor Assembly and Test) and a 'Fab' unit.
• Key terms in Quantum: QKD (Quantum Key Distribution), Entanglement, and the 1000-qubit target of the National Quantum Mission.
• Specifications of LCA Tejas Mk1A (AESA Radar, indigenous Digital Flight Control Computer).

Preparation Strategy

Current Affairs Integration

Focus on 'First-in-India' milestones (e.g., First SiC plant in Odisha, First commercial fab in Dholera) rather than just policy outlays.

Key Connections

Sub-Themes and News Coverage (12 themes, 54 news items)

India Semiconductor Mission (ISM) Implementation

Focus: Establishment of semiconductor fabrication units, design centers, and policy approvals under the India Semiconductor Mission.

UPSC Value: Tracks the specific rollout of the PLI and ISM schemes, highlighting regional distribution (UP, Gujarat, Odisha) and key private players (Tata, HCL-Foxconn).

10 news items in this theme:

• 2026-02-22 [Economy] — North India's First Semiconductor Unit in Uttar Pradesh
  Prime Minister Narendra Modi is set to lay the foundation stone of North India's first semiconductor manufacturing unit in Gautam Buddh Nagar, Uttar Pradesh in February 2026. The semiconductor manufacturing facility is a joint venture between HCL and Foxconn, involving an estimated investment of around ₹3,700 crore. The project is expected to strengthen domestic chip production capacity, generate employment, and attract ancillary industries in the electronics ecosystem.
  More details

  UPSC Angle: North India's first semiconductor unit to be established in Uttar Pradesh.

  Key Facts:

  • Location: Gautam Buddh Nagar, Uttar Pradesh
  • Joint venture: HCL and Foxconn
  • Investment: ₹3,700 crore
  • Objective: To strengthen domestic chip production capacity, generate employment, and attract ancillary industries in the electronics ecosystem
• 2026-02-17 [Economy] — Semiconductor Unit in Uttar Pradesh
  The foundation stone of north India's first semiconductor unit in Gautam Buddh Nagar, Uttar Pradesh, will be laid on February 21, 2026. UP CM Adityanath termed it a significant step towards making the state a hub for high-technology manufacturing.
  More details

  UPSC Angle: Foundation stone of north India's first semiconductor unit in UP.

  Key Facts:

  • Location: Gautam Buddh Nagar, Uttar Pradesh
  • Date of Foundation Stone Laying: February 21, 2026
  • Significance: First semiconductor unit in north India
• 2025-11-06 [Economy] — Odisha to get Silicon Carbide Semiconductor Plant
  CM of Odisha Mohan Charan Majhi inaugurated India's first end-to-end Silicon Carbide (SiC) semiconductor plant at Info Valley, Bhubaneswar. The project has been approved under the India Semiconductor Mission (ISM) and has a total investment of Rs. 2,067 crore.
  More details

  UPSC Angle: Odisha to get India's first Silicon Carbide Semiconductor plant.

  Key Facts:

  • Silicon Carbide (SiC) semiconductor plant
  • Info Valley, Bhubaneswar
  • Odisha
  • India Semiconductor Mission (ISM)
  • Investment: Rs. 2,067 crore
  • Annual capacity: 60,000 SiC wafers and 96 million packaged units
  • Operational by 2027–28
• 2025-08-13 [Economy] — Semiconductor Manufacturing Projects Approved
  The Union Cabinet approved four new semiconductor manufacturing projects with an investment of approximately ₹4,600 crore in Odisha, Punjab, and Andhra Pradesh under the India Semiconductor Mission (ISM). This initiative aims to enhance India's self-reliance in semiconductor production and reduce import dependency.
  More details

  UPSC Angle: Cabinet approves semiconductor projects in Odisha, Punjab, and Andhra Pradesh.

  Key Facts:

  • ₹4,600 crore approved for new projects
  • Projects in Odisha, Punjab, and Andhra Pradesh
  • Under the India Semiconductor Mission (ISM)
  • ISM launched in 2021 with a financial outlay of Rs. 76,000 crores
  • ₹4,594 crore sanctioned
  • Four new semiconductor facilities
  • Odisha, Punjab, and Andhra Pradesh
  • Projects approved in Odisha, Punjab, and Andhra Pradesh
  • Under: India Semiconductor Mission (ISM)
  • SiCSem Pvt. Ltd. (Odisha) in collaboration with Clas-SiC Wafer Fab Ltd., UK, to establish India's first commercial Silicon Carbide (SiC) compound semiconductor fab
  • Launched in: 2021
  • Nodal Ministry: Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology (MeitY)
  • Financial support for fabs, compound semiconductors, ATMP/OSAT units, and display fabs
  • Aims to train over 60,000 skilled professionals
  • Sanctioned amount: ₹4,594 crore
  • Location of new facilities: Odisha, Punjab, and Andhra Pradesh
  • Semicon India 2025 will be held in New Delhi, starting on September 2nd
  • Malaysia, Japan, Singapore, and South Korea will join the event as partner countries
  • Union Cabinet approved 4 new semiconductor units
  • Investment: ₹4,600 crore
  • States: Odisha, Punjab, and Andhra Pradesh
  • India Semiconductor Mission (ISM)
  • Union Cabinet approved four new semiconductor manufacturing projects
  • Projects approved under India Semiconductor Mission (ISM)
  • Total investment of approximately ₹4,600 crore
  • Projects will be established in Odisha, Punjab, and Andhra Pradesh
• 2025-05-16 [Economy] — HCL-Foxconn JV for Semiconductor Facility at Jewar
  The Union Cabinet approved a Joint Venture (JV) between HCL Group and Foxconn to set up a semiconductor unit near Jewar Airport at the Yamuna Expressway Industrial Development Authority (YEIDA) in Uttar Pradesh (UP). The new proposed semiconductor unit will be developed with an estimated cost of Rs 3,706 crore, of which around Rs 1,500 crore will be provided by the Government of India (GoI) as part of incentives under the chip manufacturing scheme. The proposed unit is expected to start production in 2027 and will be able to meet nearly 40% of India's local demand for semiconductor chips.
  More details

  UPSC Angle: HCL-Foxconn JV for semiconductor facility at Jewar approved.

  Key Facts:

  • HCL and Foxconn joint venture
  • Location: Near Jewar airport, YEIDA region
  • Investment: ₹3,700 crore
  • Production: Display driver chips
  • Semicon India Programme outlay: ₹76,000 crore
  • Production Capacity: 36 million display driver chips/month
  • Joint Venture (JV) between HCL Group and Foxconn
  • Location: near Jewar Airport, Yamuna Expressway Industrial Development Authority (YEIDA) in Uttar Pradesh (UP)
  • Estimated cost: Rs 3,706 crore
  • Government of India (GoI) incentive: Rs 1,500 crore
  • Expected production start: 2027
  • Expected to meet nearly 40% of India's local demand for semiconductor chips
• 2025-05-16 [Economy] — India Semiconductor Mission Strengthened
  The Indian government is reinforcing its digital ambitions through the India Semiconductor Mission (ISM), with an approved investment of ₹3,700 crore in a display chip manufacturing unit located in Jewar, near the upcoming Jewar Airport. This unit aims to fulfill up to 40% of India's display chip demand and will have a production capacity of 36 million display driver chips per month. The chips will be used in mobile phones, laptops, PCs, and automobiles.
  More details

  UPSC Angle: India Semiconductor Mission strengthened with investment in display chip unit.

  Key Facts:

  • Investment Approved: ₹3,700 crore
  • Location: Jewar, near Jewar Airport
  • Production Capacity: 36 million display driver chips/month
  • End-Use Applications: Mobile phones, laptops, PCs, automobiles
  • Fulfills up to 40% of India's display chip demand
  • Under Semicon India Programme: ₹76,000 crore total outlay
  • Fiscal support: 50% of project cost
• 2025-05-15 [Economy] — Semiconductor Unit Approved in Uttar Pradesh
  The Cabinet has approved the establishment of a semiconductor unit in Uttar Pradesh, aligning with India's national policy on electronics manufacturing. This initiative aims to promote indigenous production of semiconductors, reduce import dependency, and enhance the overall manufacturing ecosystem, supporting the 'Make in India' campaign. The establishment of the semiconductor unit is expected to create thousands of jobs for skilled and unskilled workers in Uttar Pradesh and encourage skill development and training programs.
  More details

  UPSC Angle: Semiconductor unit approved in Uttar Pradesh.

  Key Facts:

  • Location: Uttar Pradesh
  • Objective: Enhance self-reliance in semiconductor manufacturing
  • India's semiconductor imports in 2024: ₹1.71 lakh crore
  • Investment: ₹3,700 crore
  • Objective: Boost domestic manufacturing of display chips
  • Cabinet approved semiconductor unit in Uttar Pradesh
  • Supports 'Make in India' campaign
  • Union Cabinet approved a Semiconductor Unit in Uttar Pradesh
  • Job Creation: Semiconductor manufacturing facilities in India create many direct and indirect employment opportunities
  • Reduced Dependence on Imports: Establishing more domestic semiconductor industries will enhance the country's self-reliance and resilience in times of geopolitical tensions or disruptions in global supply chains
  • Import Dependency: India imported ₹1.71 lakh crore worth of semiconductors in 2024
• 2025-05-14 [Science & Technology] — India Inaugurates 3nm Chip Design Centers
  India's first 3nm chip design centers were inaugurated by Union Minister Ashwini Vaishnaw in Noida and Bengaluru. These facilities, developed by Renesas Electronics, represent a major milestone in India's semiconductor innovation and are supported by the India Semiconductor Mission.
  More details

  UPSC Angle: India inaugurates 3nm chip design centers in Noida and Bengaluru.

  Key Facts:

  • India’s first 3nm chip design centers
  • Inaugurated in Noida and Bengaluru
  • Developed by Renesas Electronics
  • Supported by the India Semiconductor Mission
• 2025-03-28 [Science & Technology] — India's First Nano Electronics Roadshow Inaugurated at IISc Bengaluru
  India's first Nano Electronics Roadshow was inaugurated at IISc Bengaluru by Shri S. Krishnan to promote industry-academia collaboration, indigenous research, and the startup ecosystem in the semiconductor sector under the Atmanirbhar Bharat initiative.
  More details

  UPSC Angle: India's first Nano Electronics Roadshow inaugurated at IISc Bengaluru.

  Key Facts:

  • India's first Nano Electronics Roadshow was inaugurated at IISc Bengaluru.
  • Inaugurated by Shri S. Krishnan, Secretary of the Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology (MeitY).
  • Aimed to advance India's semiconductor ecosystem.
  • Showcased over 100 intellectual properties, 50+ technologies, and 35+ startups.
• 2025-03-08 [Science & Technology] — India to get Commercial Semiconductor Plant
  India Semiconductor Mission partners with Tata Electronics to establish India's first commercial semiconductor plant in Dholera, Gujarat. Production Linked Incentive (PLI) and Design Linked Incentive (DLI) schemes boost India's semiconductor industry with major investments from Tata, Micron, and Vedanta.
  More details

  UPSC Angle: India to get commercial semiconductor plant in Dholera, Gujarat.

  Key Facts:

  • India Semiconductor Mission
  • Tata Electronics
  • First commercial semiconductor plant in Dholera, Gujarat
  • PLI and DLI schemes

IndiaAI Mission: Infrastructure & Model Development

Focus: Items detailing the funding, hardware procurement (GPUs), and indigenous model development (BharatGen) under the central IndiaAI Mission.

UPSC Value: Useful for tracking the structural and financial backbone of India's national AI strategy, distinct from its specific applications.

9 news items in this theme:

• 2026-02-19 [Science & Technology] — Sarvam AI Unveils Two Indian Language Models ('Vikram')
  Sarvam AI has unveiled two Indian language models ('Vikram'). This is a development in Science & Tech.
  More details

  UPSC Angle: Sarvam AI Unveils Two Indian Language Models ('Vikram').

  Key Facts:

  • Sarvam AI unveils two Indian language models named 'Vikram'.
• 2026-02-18 [Science & Technology] — IN-SPACe Launches AI Program for Space Innovation
  The Indian National Space Promotion and Authorisation Centre (IN-SPACe) announced the AI INSPIRED Opportunities in Space Sector programme during the India AI Impact Summit. The program aims to accelerate AI-driven innovation in India's private space ecosystem through financial and institutional support, provided as grant in aid under the IN-SPACe Seed Fund Scheme.
  More details

  UPSC Angle: IN-SPACe Launches AI Program for Space Innovation.

  Key Facts:

  • Indian National Space Promotion and Authorisation Centre (IN-SPACe)
  • AI INSPIRED Opportunities in Space Sector
  • India AI Impact Summit
  • IN-SPACe Seed Fund Scheme
• 2026-02-13 [Science & Technology] — IndiaAI Mission and National Portal
  The government launched the IndiaAI Mission in March 2024 with over ₹10,300 crore to build a strong indigenous AI ecosystem. It aims to democratise AI technology, improve data quality, and boost competitiveness. INDIAai is India's national AI portal supporting knowledge sharing, research insights, industry news and resources to connect stakeholders across the ecosystem.
  More details

  UPSC Angle: IndiaAI Mission launched with ₹10,300 crore investment.

  Key Facts:

  • IndiaAI Mission launch: March 2024
  • IndiaAI Mission budget: ₹10,300 crore
• 2025-10-11 [Science & Technology] — India's AI Self-Reliance
  The Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology (MeitY) is accelerating AI self-reliance through the IndiaAI mission, focusing on affordable compute infrastructure, a national data platform, foundation model development, AI skilling, and trustworthy AI. A National Large Language Model (LLM) is set to be launched by the end of 2025.
  More details

  UPSC Angle: MeitY accelerating AI self-reliance through the IndiaAI mission.

  Key Facts:

  • Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology (MeitY)
  • IndiaAI mission
  • Affordable Compute Infrastructure: 38,000 GPUs available at ₹65/hour
  • National Data Platform: Curated, secure, and anonymized datasets for AI R&D
  • National Large Language Model (LLM) launch by the end of 2025
• 2025-09-24 [Science & Technology] — BharatGen: India's AI Manhattan Project
  The Indian government has announced BharatGen at the Indian Institute of Technology Bombay as India's sovereign AI initiative, backed by more than ₹20,000 crore in funding.
  More details

  UPSC Angle: BharatGen: India's AI Manhattan Project at IIT Bombay.

  Key Facts:

  • Initiative: BharatGen
  • Location: Indian Institute of Technology Bombay
  • Funding: more than ₹20,000 crore
• 2025-09-24 [Science & Technology] — India's AI Mission
  India's growing role in the global AI race was discussed, highlighting opportunities in healthcare, education, agriculture, and finance, alongside challenges of regulation, research, and ethics. The India AI Mission with a ₹10,372 crore budget aims to foster infrastructure, compute power, and research.
  More details

  UPSC Angle: India's growing role in the global AI race.

  Key Facts:

  • India AI Mission
  • ₹10,372 crore budget
  • Healthcare: AI-assisted diagnostics for cancer and rural telemedicine
  • Education: Real-time translation in Parliament and classrooms (Bhashini project)
  • Agriculture: Precision farming and weather-based advisory systems
  • Financial Inclusion: UPI-integrated AI for rural banking (“Hello UPI”)
• 2025-06-04 [Science & Technology] — BharatGen Initiative
  BharatGen is India's first indigenously developed, government-funded, Artificial Intelligence (AI) -based Multimodal Large Language Model (LLM) designed to support 22 Indian languages. The BharatGen Summit 2025 was India's biggest event for Generative AI and LLM, organized by the Department of Science & Technology (DST) under MoS&T and IIT Bombay’s Technology Innovation Hub.
  More details

  UPSC Angle: BharatGen: India's AI-based Multimodal Large Language Model (LLM).

  Key Facts:

  • BharatGen is India's first indigenously developed, government-funded, AI-based Multimodal Large Language Model (LLM).
  • It is designed to support 22 Indian languages.
  • The BharatGen Summit 2025 was India's biggest event for Generative AI and LLM.
  • Developed by : Ministry of Science & Technology (MoS&T)
  • It is AI based Multimodal Large Language Model (LLM)
  • It is designed to support 22 Indian languages
  • Launched by : Dr. Jitendra Singh
• 2025-05-31 [Science & Technology] — India AI Mission Expansion
  The Union Minister announced a significant expansion of India's national AI infrastructure, which includes the addition of 15,916 new GPUs. The Cabinet has also approved over ₹10,300 crore for the IndiaAI Mission to provide a boost to AI startups in the country. The IndiaAI mission aims to develop indigenous Artificial Intelligence capabilities, infrastructure, datasets and startups using a structured public-private partnership model.
  More details

  UPSC Angle: India AI Mission Expansion: Addition of 15,916 new GPUs.

  Key Facts:

  • Cabinet approved ₹10,300+ crore for the IndiaAI Mission.
  • IndiaAI is a national program to develop indigenous AI capabilities and infrastructure.
  • India's national compute capacity has crossed 34000 GPUs.
  • IndiaAI Mission focuses on India-specific, multilingual, and sector-focused AI models.
  • Union Minister announced expansion of national AI infrastructure
  • 15,916 new GPUs added
  • ₹10,300+ crore approved for the IndiaAI Mission
  • IndiaAI is a national program by the Government of India
  • Develop indigenous AI capabilities, infrastructure, datasets, and startups
  • Structured public-private partnership model
• 2025-03-03 [Science & Technology] — India's AI Revolution
  India is undergoing a comprehensive transformation in Artificial Intelligence (AI), supported by government policies under the IndiaAI Mission, aligning with Viksit Bharat 2047. This includes strengthening AI infrastructure, establishing AI Centers of Excellence, promoting AI skilling, and developing indigenous AI models.
  More details

  UPSC Angle: IndiaAI Mission supports AI transformation aligning with Viksit Bharat 2047.

  Key Facts:

  • High-performance computing facility: 18,693 GPUs
  • New CoE for Education received: ₹500 crore in the 2025 Union Budget
  • Five National AI Skilling Centres are being established
  • India ranks #1 in Global AI Skill Penetration (Stanford AI Index 2024)
  • 263% rise in AI talent since 2016
  • 14-fold increase in AI-skilled professionals (2016–2023)
  • BharatGen: world's first government-funded multimodal LLM for public services
  • Sarvam-1: a 2-billion parameter model supporting 10 Indian languages

India's Drone Ecosystem: Regulation and Indigenization

Focus: A specific pattern of legislative actions to regulate civil drones combined with military efforts to acquire and deploy indigenous UAVs.

UPSC Value: Useful for analyzing the dual-track approach of tightening civil drone laws (Bill 2025) while accelerating military drone adoption (MAPSS, drone platoons).

5 news items in this theme:

• 2026-01-11 [Defense & Security] — Indian Army Orders MAPSS UAVs
  In January 2026, the Indian Army placed a Rs. 168 crore order with NewSpace Research & Technologies (NRT) for its Medium Altitude Persistent Surveillance System (MAPSS), a fully electric, solar‑powered unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) designed for long‑endurance surveillance missions.
  More details

  UPSC Angle: Indian Army orders MAPSS UAVs from NewSpace Research & Technologies.

  Key Facts:

  • Indian Army orders MAPSS UAVs from NewSpace Research & Technologies (NRT)
  • Order value: Rs. 168 crore
  • MAPSS: Medium Altitude Persistent Surveillance System
  • Fully electric, solar-powered UAV
  • Designed for long-endurance surveillance missions
• 2025-09-18 [Polity & Governance] — Draft Civil Drone (Promotion and Regulation) Bill 2025
  The Ministry of Civil Aviation released the Draft Civil Drone (Promotion and Regulation) Bill 2025, which proposes mandatory registration, safety and security features, and insurance for unmanned aircraft systems (UASs). The bill aims to supersede the Drone Rules, 2021, and create a stringent legal framework to regulate India's civil drone ecosystem. Drones must include government-notified safety and security features, with tampering punishable; third-party insurance is mandatory.
  More details

  UPSC Angle: Draft Civil Drone (Promotion and Regulation) Bill 2025 released.

  Key Facts:

  • Released by: Ministry of Civil Aviation
  • Mandates: Registration of all Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UAS)
  • Requires: Unique Identification Number (UIN) by DGCA
  • Specifies: Mandatory safety and security features
  • Authorizes: DGCA-authorized remote pilot training organizations
  • Draft Civil Drone (Promotion and Regulation) Bill 2025
  • Ministry of Civil Aviation
  • mandatory registration
  • safety features
  • security features
  • insurance
  • unmanned aircraft systems (UASs)
  • Drone Rules, 2021
• 2025-09-18 [Science & Technology] — Safety, Security Features Compulsory for UAS
  No person shall manufacture or assemble, offer for sale, transfer or cause to transfer, operate or cause to operate any UAS that does not incorporate the mandatory safety and security features as prescribed by the central government or unless the UAS is exempted from such requirement. These features are intended to ensure airworthiness, prevent tampering, and enable traceability of drone operations.
  More details

  UPSC Angle: Safety, Security Features Compulsory for UAS.

  Key Facts:

  • UAS that does not incorporate the mandatory safety and security features as prescribed by the central government or unless the UAS is exempted from such requirement
  • These features are intended to ensure airworthiness
  • prevent tampering
  • enable traceability of drone operations
• 2025-08-20 [Defense & Security] — Indian Army Enhancements and Modernization
  The Centre has cleared an order for 97 additional LCA Mk1a aircraft to be made by Hindustan Aeronautics Ltd (HAL), valued at ₹62,000 crore, increasing the total number of LCA Mk1A fighters to 180. Efforts are underway to equip all infantry battalions with drone platoons by the end of August. The Indian Army has entered the first phase of a transformation, part of the 'Decade of Transformation' (2023-2032).
  More details

  UPSC Angle: Order for 97 additional LCA Mk1a aircraft cleared for HAL.

  Key Facts:

  • Order for 97 additional LCA Mk1a aircraft cleared, valued at ₹62,000 crore
  • Total of 180 LCA Mk1A fighters in the air force
  • LCA Mark 1A has more advanced avionics and radars
  • Efforts to equip all infantry battalions with drone platoons by the end of August
  • Indian Army's 'Decade of Transformation' from 2023 to 2032
  • Creation of new formations such as all-arms Rudra Brigades, Bhairav Battalions, Divyastra Batteries, and Shaktibaan units
  • Deployment of two new regiments of Akash Prime surface-to-air missiles
  • Akash Prime missiles designed for high-altitude areas along the border with China
  • These systems can intercept aircraft, helicopters, and drones up to 25 km away
• 2025-07-16 [Defense & Security] — Defence Ministry Workshop on Indian-Made Drones and Anti-Drone Tech
  The Defence Ministry held a workshop in Delhi on July 16, 2025, to promote the local development of drones and anti-drone systems to reduce dependence on foreign technology. The workshop at Manekshaw Centre included defence experts, armed forces officers, scientists, government officials, and private sector representatives, with General Anil Chauhan as the main guest.
  More details

  UPSC Angle: Defence Ministry promotes local drone development to reduce foreign dependence.

  Key Facts:

  • Ministry of Defence held a workshop on July 16 in Delhi.
  • Workshop focused on Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) and Counter-Unmanned Aerial Systems (C-UAS).
  • Aimed to boost local development and cut dependence on foreign technology.
  • Workshop held at the Manekshaw Centre.
  • Organised by the Headquarters Integrated Defence Staff along with the Centre for Joint Warfare Studies.
  • Participants included defence experts, armed forces officers, scientists, government officials, and private sector representatives.
  • General Anil Chauhan, Chief of Defence Staff, was the main guest.

India's Indigenous Quantum Communication Hardware

Focus: Specific developments in physical quantum infrastructure (QKD and QRNG) by Indian research institutes and industry partners.

UPSC Value: Highlights India's technological strides in establishing secure, hardware-based quantum communication networks (C-DOT, RRI, IIT-M).

4 news items in this theme:

• 2025-10-13 [Science & Technology] — India's Quantum-Safe Push: Quantum Computer Certifies True Random Numbers
  Researchers at Bengaluru's Raman Research Institute, led by physicist Urbasi Sinha, have demonstrated that a general-purpose quantum computer can generate and certify true random numbers, crucial for modern digital security, passwords, and encryption.
  More details

  UPSC Angle: Quantum computer certifies true random numbers (Raman Research Institute).

  Key Facts:

  • Raman Research Institute
  • Bengaluru
  • Physicist Urbasi Sinha
  • Quantum computer
  • True random numbers
  • Digital security
  • Passwords
  • Encryption
• 2025-08-20 [Science & Technology] — IIT-M and Indrarka Quantum Technologies Sign Licensing Agreement
  IIT-Madras (IIT-M) and Indrarka Quantum Technologies Pvt. Limited signed a licensing agreement worth Rs 1 crore for the commercial deployment of Silicon photonics-based QRNG technology. The technology was developed at the Centre for Programmable Photonic Integrated Circuits and Systems (CPPICS), IIT-M.
  More details

  UPSC Angle: IIT-M licenses Silicon photonics-based QRNG technology for commercial deployment.

  Key Facts:

  • Licensing agreement worth Rs 1 crore
  • Signed between TTO, IIT-M and Indrarka Quantum Technologies Pvt. Limited
  • For commercial deployment of Silicon photonics-based QRNG technology
  • Developed at Centre for Programmable Photonic Integrated Circuits and Systems (CPPICS), IIT-M
• 2025-05-13 [Science & Technology] — Drone-based Quantum Key Distribution
  The Centre for Development of Telematics (C-DOT) and Synergy Quantum India have signed an MoU to jointly develop drone-based Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) systems. This collaboration aims to enhance secure communication using quantum technology.
  More details

  UPSC Angle: C-DOT and Synergy Quantum India to develop drone-based QKD systems.

  Key Facts:

  • Centre for Development of Telematics (C-DOT)
  • Synergy Quantum India
  • MoU
  • drone-based Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) systems
  • Centre for Development of Telematics (C-DOT) signed an MoU with Synergy Quantum India
  • Develop drone-based Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) systems
• 2025-04-18 [Science & Technology] — India's First Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) Over Multi-Core Fibre
  The Centre for Development of Telematics (C-DOT), in collaboration with Sterlite Technologies Ltd. (STL), has successfully tested India's first Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) transmission over a 4-core Multi-Core Fibre (MCF). This marks a significant advancement in establishing a secure and cost-effective national quantum communication network.
  More details

  UPSC Angle: India's first QKD transmission over multi-core fibre tested.

  Key Facts:

  • First QKD transmission over 4-core Multi-Core Fibre in India
  • Developed by: C-DOT and Sterlite Technologies Ltd. (STL)

Growth and Strategic Evolution of India's Drone Ecosystem

Focus: The expansion of India's indigenous drone industry through fiscal policy incentives, defense-sector innovation, and strategic industrial partnerships.

UPSC Value: Relevant for GS Paper III (Indigenization of Technology and Security), focusing on the growth of the domestic defense-industrial base and policy support for emerging tech.

4 news items in this theme:

• 2025-09-11 [Economy] — GST Reforms to Boost India's Drone Ecosystem
  A uniform 5% GST for drones, as decided in the 56th GST Council meet, is set to boost India's rapidly growing drone ecosystem. The global drone market is valued at over $30 billion in 2025 and is projected to reach $90–100 billion by 2030.
  More details

  UPSC Angle: Uniform 5% GST for drones to boost India's drone ecosystem.

  Key Facts:

  • Uniform 5% GST for drones.
  • Global drone market is valued at over $30 billion in 2025.
  • India is incentivising indigenous drone and counter-drone technologies with USD 230 million support packages.
• 2025-09-04 [Defense & Security] — Bharat Forge Partners with Windracers for UAVs; Agneyastra Land Purchase
  Bharat Forge has partnered with UK-based Windracers Limited to deploy and localize Windracers' ULTRA Unmanned Aerial Vehicle in India, with an initial two-year term. Agneyastra Energetics Limited, a subsidiary of Bharat Forge, has agreed to purchase approximately 949.65 acres of land in Madakasira, Anantapur District from Andhra Pradesh Industrial Infrastructure Corporation Ltd.
  More details

  UPSC Angle: Bharat Forge partners with Windracers for UAVs.

  Key Facts:

  • Bharat Forge Limited
  • Windracers Limited
  • ULTRA Unmanned Aerial Vehicle
  • Memorandum of Understanding
  • two-year term
  • Agneyastra Energetics Limited
  • Andhra Pradesh Industrial Infrastructure Corporation Ltd
  • 949.65 acres
  • Madakasira
  • Anantapur District
  • September 4, 2025
• 2025-06-17 [Defense & Security] — IG Defence secures patent for fixed-wing tactical UAS
  IG Defence has secured a patent for its fixed-wing tactical unmanned aerial system (UAS), designed for real-world combat conditions. The indigenous drone can carry a warhead payload of up to 5 kg and offers extended endurance with a minimal logistical footprint, intended for rapid deployment in high-intensity and time-sensitive operational environments.
  More details

  UPSC Angle: IG Defence secures patent for fixed-wing tactical UAS.

  Key Facts:

  • IG Defence secured a patent for its fixed-wing tactical unmanned aerial system (UAS).
  • The drone can carry a warhead payload of up to 5 kg.
  • The platform is intended for rapid deployment in high-intensity and time-sensitive operational environments.
• 2025-06-12 [Defense & Security] — Drone Warfare and India's Defense Strategy
  The rising role of drones in conflicts worldwide, including Ukraine's Operation Spiderweb in June 2025, highlights the need for India to adapt its defense strategy. India has a growing ecosystem of over 550 startups focusing on indigenous drone development and acquired technologies and faces threats from drone swarms across its borders. Experts suggest the future of warfare will be unmanned, AI-driven, and asymmetric due to drone participation.
  More details

  UPSC Angle: Rising role of drones highlights need for India to adapt defense strategy.

  Key Facts:

  • Ukraine's Operation Spiderweb in June 2025 involved over 100 first-person view drones.
  • These drones caused $7 billion in losses to Russia by hitting five Russian airfields.
  • Pakistan has used cheap drones with small warheads in operation Synindur.
  • India has over 550 drone startups focusing on indigenous development.
  • The global military drone market was $14 billion in 2023 and is projected to reach $47 billion by 2032.

Indigenization and Scaling of the LCA Tejas Ecosystem

Focus: Milestones and challenges in the development, component indigenization, and industrial scaling of India's Light Combat Aircraft (LCA) program.

UPSC Value: Illustrates the multi-decade trajectory of defense indigenization (Atmanirbhar Bharat), from specific sub-system testing to addressing critical propulsion gaps and achieving mass production capacity.

4 news items in this theme:

• 2026-02-17 [Defense & Security] — Select firms shortlisted for AMCA project
  Tata Advanced Systems Ltd, a consortium of Larsen & Toubro and Bharat Electronics Ltd, and a Bharat Forge-BEML Ltd-Data Patterns consortium have been shortlisted by DRDO to design and develop prototypes for the Advanced Medium Combat Aircraft (AMCA). The AMCA project is aimed at developing India's homegrown fifth-generation stealth fighter.
  More details

  UPSC Angle: Select firms shortlisted for AMCA project.

  Key Facts:

  • Advanced Medium Combat Aircraft (AMCA)
  • Tata Advanced Systems Ltd
  • Larsen & Toubro and Bharat Electronics Ltd (consortium)
  • Bharat Forge-BEML Ltd-Data Patterns consortium
  • DRDO
  • Fifth-generation stealth fighter
• 2025-10-18 [Defense & Security] — New LCA Mk1A & HTT-40 Production Lines Inaugurated
  The inauguration of new LCA Mk1A & HTT-40 production lines marks a leap in India's defence industrial capability. The LCA Tejas Mk1A has enhanced radar, electronic warfare, and air-to-air refuelling systems, incorporating 75% indigenous content with a target of 85%. HAL can now produce 24 LCA Mk1A aircraft annually.
  More details

  UPSC Angle: New LCA Mk1A & HTT-40 production lines inaugurated.

  Key Facts:

  • LCA Tejas Mk1A
  • HAL
  • Aeronautical Development Agency (ADA)
  • DRDO
  • 75% indigenous content (target: 85%)
  • GE F404 engine
  • 24 aircraft/year production capacity
• 2025-06-20 [Defense & Security] — India's Jet Engine Gap Threatens Defence Autonomy
  India's indigenous AMCA fighter jet project is generating excitement, but history urges caution. The Kaveri Engine Project, launched in 1986 for the LCA Tejas, failed to meet requirements even after decades of development and ₹2,000 crore in spending.
  More details

  UPSC Angle: India's Jet Engine Gap Threatens Defence Autonomy.

  Key Facts:

  • Kaveri Engine Project launched in 1986
  • For LCA Tejas
  • Failed to meet requirements
  • ₹2,000 crore spent
• 2025-03-07 [Defense & Security] — Indigenous On-Board Oxygen Generating System (OBOGS) for LCA Tejas
  The Defence Bio-Engineering & Electro Medical Laboratory (DEBEL) under DRDO successfully conducted high-altitude trials for the Indigenous On-Board Oxygen Generating System (OBOGS)-based Integrated Life Support System (ILSS) for the LCA Tejas aircraft on March 4. The system ensures real-time oxygen generation, enhancing pilot endurance and operational effectiveness and can be adapted for use in MiG-29K and other aircraft.
  More details

  UPSC Angle: Indigenous On-Board Oxygen Generating System (OBOGS) for LCA Tejas.

  Key Facts:

  • High-altitude trials conducted on March 4 for OBOGS-based ILSS for LCA Tejas
  • System manufactured by L&T as a development-cum-production partner of DRDO
  • System can be adapted for MiG-29K and other aircraft
  • Development by Defence Bio-Engineering & Electro Medical Laboratory (DEBEL), Bengaluru
  • System ensures real-time oxygen generation
  • CEMILAC provided flight clearance

Semiconductor and Deep-Tech Indigenization

Focus: Efforts to develop domestic semiconductor capabilities and deep-tech intellectual property under the India Semiconductor Mission (ISM).

UPSC Value: Highlights the strategic shift towards 'Atmanirbhar' chip design and manufacturing policy.

3 news items in this theme:

• 2026-02-10 [Economy] — India Semiconductor Mission (ISM) Projects
  The India Semiconductor Mission (ISM) launched in 2021 with a financial outlay of Rs.76,000 crores, has approved 10 projects worth Rs.1.60 lakh crore across six states as of December 2025. India's semiconductor market is projected to reach USD 100–110 billion by 2030.
  More details

  UPSC Angle: India Semiconductor Mission (ISM) projects approved.

  Key Facts:

  • India Semiconductor Mission (ISM) was launched in 2021.
  • The ISM has a financial outlay of Rs.76,000 crores.
  • As of December 2025, the government had approved 10 ISM projects worth Rs.1.60 lakh crore across six states.
  • India's semiconductor market is projected to reach USD 100–110 billion by 2030.
• 2025-10-23 [Science & Technology] — India's Semiconductor Advancement with Indigenous 7nm Processor
  Union Minister Ashwini Vaishnaw announced the unveiling of India's indigenous 7 nm processor developed by IIT Madras under the SHAKTI initiative, marking a significant milestone in the country's semiconductor journey and reinforcing Atmanirbhar Bharat. This advancement enhances technological sovereignty in defense and critical digital infrastructure, with the semiconductor market projected to reach $80 billion by 2028.
  More details

  UPSC Angle: India unveils indigenous 7 nm processor developed by IIT Madras.

  Key Facts:

  • India's indigenous 7 nm processor unveiled on October 18, 2025
  • Developed by IIT Madras under the SHAKTI initiative since 2013
  • Aligned with MeitY and the India Semiconductor Mission (ISM)
  • Semiconductor market projected to reach $80 billion by 2028, up from $23 billion in 2023
• 2025-04-11 [Economy] — India Needs Urgent Push for Deep-Tech Growth
  India needs an urgent push for deep-tech growth, particularly in areas like generative AI, robotics, and fusion tech, to remain competitive. Commerce Minister Piyush Goyal has emphasized the need to shift from consumer-tech startups to deep-tech innovation.
  More details

  UPSC Angle: India needs urgent push for deep-tech growth.

  Key Facts:

  • India needs urgent push for deep-tech growth
  • Low R&D Spending: India's investment is under 1% of GDP
  • India Semiconductor Mission (2021): Allocated Rs 76,000 crore
  • IndiaAI Mission (2024): Set aside Rs 10,371 crore
  • Deep Tech Fund of Funds: Introduced with Rs 10,000 crore
  • China has filed over 38,000 generative AI patents between 2014 and 2023
  • Generative AI could add $1 trillion to India's GDP by 2030

Strengthening India's Sovereign Computing and Semiconductor Infrastructure

Focus: Indigenous development of core computing hardware, including microprocessors and high-performance computing facilities.

UPSC Value: Highlights progress in the 'Indigenization of Technology' and 'Self-reliance in Electronics' under the Science and Technology syllabus.

3 news items in this theme:

• 2025-12-18 [Science & Technology] — DHRUV64: India's First Indigenously Designed Microprocessor
  India recently unveiled DHRUV64, the country's first fully indigenously designed microprocessor, marking an important milestone in India's semiconductor and computing ecosystem. DHRUV64 is a homegrown 64-bit microprocessor, fully designed and developed within India by the Centre for Development of Advanced Computing (C-DAC) under the Microprocessor Development Programme (MDP). The processor reflects India's long-term efforts to build sovereign computing capabilities.
  More details

  UPSC Angle: India unveils DHRUV64, first indigenously designed microprocessor.

  Key Facts:

  • DHRUV64 is a homegrown 64-bit microprocessor, fully designed and developed within India.
  • It has been developed by the Centre for Development of Advanced Computing (C-DAC) under the Microprocessor Development Programme (MDP).
  • Microprocessor: DHRUV64
  • Origin: Indigenous
  • 64-bit dual-core processor
  • Speed: 1.0 GHz
  • Execution Method: Superscalar execution
  • Instruction Handling: Out-of-order processing
• 2025-06-21 [Science & Technology] — ICMR Introduces High-Performance Computing Facility
  The Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR) introduced its first high-performance computing facility NAKSHATRA at its National Institute of Virology (NIV) facility in Pune.
  More details

  UPSC Angle: ICMR introduces high-performance computing facility NAKSHATRA.

  Key Facts:

  • ICMR introduced its first high-performance computing facility NAKSHATRA
  • Located at National Institute of Virology (NIV) facility in Pune
• 2025-03-21 [Science & Technology] — ISRO Develops Indigenous Microprocessors
  ISRO, in collaboration with SCL Chandigarh, has developed Vikram 3201 and Kalpana 3201, India's first fully indigenous 32-bit microprocessors for space applications. Vikram 3201 was validated in the PSLV-C60 mission.
  More details

  UPSC Angle: ISRO develops Vikram 3201 and Kalpana 3201, indigenous microprocessors for space.

  Key Facts:

  • Vikram 3201 and Kalpana 3201 are India's first fully indigenous 32-bit microprocessors for space applications
  • Developed by ISRO in collaboration with SCL Chandigarh
  • Vikram 3201 supports floating-point arithmetic, is backward compatible with Vikram 1601, and was validated in the PSLV-C60 mission
  • Kalpana 3201 is a SPARC V8 RISC microprocessor, follows the IEEE 1754 ISA, supports open-source software, and ensures high-speed processing for space operations

India's Semiconductor Ecosystem Evolution

Focus: Strategic developments in India's semiconductor sector spanning indigenous R&D, government policy frameworks, and corporate talent acquisition.

UPSC Value: Demonstrates the multi-dimensional growth of critical technology sectors in India, relevant for GS Paper 3 (Science and Technology and Indigenization of Technology).

3 news items in this theme:

• 2025-12-12 [Economy] — Virtusa to Acquire SmartSoC
  Virtusa will acquire SmartSoC, establishing its semiconductor engineering footprint in India and strengthening its global delivery capabilities. The acquisition brings over 1,400 skilled engineers in VLSI, physical design, and embedded software.
  More details

  UPSC Angle: Not exam-relevant

  Key Facts:

  • Virtusa is acquiring SmartSoC
  • SmartSoC has presence across Bengaluru, Hubli, and Hyderabad
  • The acquisition brings more than 1,400 engineers
  • Expertise of engineers: VLSI, physical design, and embedded software
• 2025-09-22 [Economy] — India's Semiconductor Design Capabilities
  India accounts for 20% of global semiconductor design engineers (approximately 1.25 lakh), designing 3,000 chips annually. The ₹76,000 crore Semicon India Programme offers 50% capital support, with states adding 20–25%. The Chips to Startup (C2S) program aims to train 85,000 engineers in 5 years.
  More details

  UPSC Angle: India's semiconductor design capabilities and Semicon India Programme.

  Key Facts:

  • India accounts for 20% of global semiconductor design engineers (~1.25 lakh).
  • India designs 3,000 chips annually.
  • ₹76,000 crore Semicon India Programme offers 50% capital support, with states adding 20–25%.
  • Chips to Startup (C2S) programme aims to train 85,000 engineers in 5 years.
• 2025-09-03 [Science & Technology] — India Unveils Indigenous Vikram 32-bit Processor
  India launched its first indigenously developed semiconductor chip, the Vikram-3201, marking a significant milestone in its tech self-reliance journey. The Prime Minister of India unveiled India's first indigenously developed semiconductor — the 'Vikram 32-bit processor' at Semicon India 2025, marking a milestone in India's journey towards semiconductor self-reliance.
  More details

  UPSC Angle: India unveils indigenous Vikram 32-bit processor.

  Key Facts:

  • Vikram 32-bit processor is India's first fully indigenous 32-bit microprocessor.
  • Developed by ISRO’s Vikram Sarabhai Space Centre and the Semiconductor Laboratory in Chandigarh.
  • It is an upgraded version of the 16-bit VIKRAM1601 chip used since 2009 in ISRO's launch vehicle avionics, designed specifically for space flight applications.
  • The chip is designed specifically for rockets and satellites.
  • The Vikram 3201 is built to withstand the extreme conditions of space missions, including temperatures from –55 degrees Celsius to +125 degrees Celsius.
  • It supports 64-bit floating-point operations and Ada programming language compatibility.
  • Features on-chip 1553B bus interfaces for reliable communication during missions.
  • Vikram 32-bit processor
  • Semicon India 2025
  • Handles navigation, control, and mission management
  • First fully indigenous 32-bit microprocessor
  • Vikram 3201

Evolution of India's Indigenous Defense Ecosystem

Focus: The development and international promotion of indigenously designed Indian defense platforms across air defense, precision strike, and cyber domains.

UPSC Value: Essential for analyzing the progress of 'Atmanirbhar Bharat' in the defense sector and India's transition from a defense importer to a strategic exporter.

3 news items in this theme:

• 2025-10-17 [Defense & Security] — India Proposes Akash Missile System to Brazil
  India has proposed supplying the Akash missile system to Brazil, during Defence Minister's talks with Brazilian Vice-President Geraldo Alckmin in New Delhi. The Akash missile is a short-range surface-to-air missile (SAM) system designed to protect vulnerable areas from aerial threats and was indigenously developed by DRDO and produced by Bharat Dynamics Limited (BDL).
  More details

  UPSC Angle: India proposes Akash missile system to Brazil; boosts defense exports.

  Key Facts:

  • Akash missile system
  • Brazil
  • Geraldo Alckmin
  • short-range surface-to-air missile (SAM)
  • DRDO
  • Bharat Dynamics Limited (BDL)
• 2025-08-30 [Defense & Security] — India Bolsters Defence with SUDAN SHIELD
  The Sudarshan Chakra project aims to modernize India's defence capabilities with precision strike and cyber capabilities. This system is being developed in collaboration with national defence institutions.
  More details

  UPSC Angle: Sudarshan Chakra project modernizes India's defence capabilities.

  Key Facts:

  • Sudarshan Chakra project
  • Modernize India's defence
  • Precision strike capabilities
  • Cyber capabilities
  • Collaboration with national defence institutions
• 2025-06-01 [Defense & Security] — Project Kusha Launched to Enhance Air Defence Systems
  India has launched Project Kusha to enhance its air defence systems.
  More details

  UPSC Angle: India launched Project Kusha to enhance its air defence systems.

  Key Facts:

  • Project Kusha

Institutionalizing the 'Made in India' and Aatmanirbhar Bharat Ecosystem

Focus: Government initiatives and policy frameworks aimed at scaling domestic manufacturing through branding, logistics, and sectoral infrastructure.

UPSC Value: Useful for analyzing the multi-pronged strategy of industrial policy, combining public rhetoric with institutional certification and physical infrastructure development.

3 news items in this theme:

• 2025-09-18 [Economy] — PM Modi Pushes for Local Production Amid U.S. Tariffs Row
  Prime Minister Narendra Modi urged citizens to adopt Swadeshi products and promote self-reliance, inaugurating the first PM MITRA textile park in Madhya Pradesh amid ongoing trade tensions with the U.S. over tariffs. The Ministry of Textiles will provide financial assistance up to ₹800 crores per park for Greenfield projects and ₹500 crores per park for Brownfield projects. Each park is expected to create 1 lakh direct and 2 lakh indirect jobs, attracting over ₹70,000 crore in investments.
  More details

  UPSC Angle: PM Modi pushes for local production amid U.S. tariffs row.

  Key Facts:

  • Call for: Buying 'Made in India' products
  • Goal: Build a developed India by 2047
  • PM MITRA parks: Seven approved by the Union Ministry of Textiles
  • 5F theme: Farm to Fibre to Factory to Fashion to Foreign
  • Dhar, Madhya Pradesh
  • The park, part of the PM Mega Integrated Textile Region and Apparel (PM Mitra) scheme, will serve as a self-contained textile ecosystem
  • combining spinning, dyeing, processing, and exports under one roof
  • urged citizens to adopt Swadeshi products and promote self-reliance
  • negotiating a trade agreement
  • tariff-related frictions persist
  • PM MITRA textile park
  • Madhya Pradesh
  • Swadeshi products
  • Aatmanirbhar Bharat
  • ₹800 crores
  • Greenfield projects
  • ₹500 crores
  • Brownfield projects
  • 1 lakh direct jobs
  • 2 lakh indirect jobs
  • ₹70,000 crore investments
  • PM Mega Integrated Textile Region and Apparel (PM Mitra) Park
  • Dhar district, Madhya Pradesh
  • Revitalize India's textile sector
  • Empower artisans, weavers, and women in rural India
  • Maheshwari sarees
  • Devi Ahilyabai Holkar
• 2025-08-19 [Economy] — PIB highlights 'Made in India' label scheme and logistics improvements
  A 'Made in India' label scheme is being launched to unify India’s manufacturing identity under a global-quality benchmark, administered by DPIIT. Key initiatives such as Dedicated Freight Corridors, Multi-Modal Logistics Parks, and the Maritime Amrit Kaal Vision 2047 aim to reduce congestion, lower costs, and promote energy-efficient freight movement and comprehensive infrastructure development.
  More details

  UPSC Angle: 'Made in India' label scheme launched to unify manufacturing identity.

  Key Facts:

  • Made in India Label (2025): branding + certification initiative
  • Administered by DPIIT
  • Advisory role of: Quality Council of India (QCI), India Brand Equity Foundation (IBEF)
  • Funding: ₹995 crores for first 3 years
  • Dedicated Freight Corridors (DFCs): EDFC (Ludhiana–Sonnagar, 1337 km) + WDFC (JNPT–Dadri, 1506 km)
  • Multi-Modal Logistics Parks (MMLPs): 35 locations approved
  • Maritime Amrit Kaal Vision 2047: ₹10 lakh crore investments committed at GMIS 2023
  • Inland Waterways: Record 145.5 MT cargo in 2024–25
• 2025-08-18 [Economy] — PM urges buying 'Made in India' products
  Prime Minister Modi has encouraged citizens to purchase products made in India. This initiative aims to boost the Indian economy, promote growth, and generate employment opportunities.
  More details

  UPSC Angle: PM urges buying 'Made in India' products to boost economy.

  Key Facts:

  • PM urges citizens to buy 'made in India' products.

Advancements in India's Domestic Digital and Telecommunications Infrastructure

Focus: Developments focusing on indigenous networking hardware, quantum-secure communication protocols, and national broadband expansion initiatives.

UPSC Value: Understanding the multi-dimensional progress of 'Digital India' across hardware self-reliance (C-DOT), cybersecurity (Quantum), and rural connectivity (BharatNet).

3 news items in this theme:

• 2025-07-05 [Science & Technology] — SAKSHAM-3000 Switch cum Router Launched
  Union Minister of State Dr. Pemmasani Chandra Sekhar launched the high capacity 'SAKSHAM-3000' switch cum router with 25.6 Tera bit per second (Tbps) throughput at C-DOT campus in New Delhi.
  More details

  UPSC Angle: SAKSHAM-3000 switch cum router launch boosts indigenous technology.

  Key Facts:

  • Launched: SAKSHAM-3000 switch cum router
  • Throughput: 25.6 Tera bit per second (Tbps)
  • Developed by: C-DOT
  • Location: New Delhi
• 2025-06-17 [Science & Technology] — DRDO & IIT Delhi demonstrate Quantum Secure Communication
  DRDO and IIT Delhi have successfully demonstrated quantum entanglement-based free-space quantum secure communication over a distance exceeding 1 km, marking India's entry into a new era of quantum technology and future warfare. The system achieved a secure key rate of ~240 bits per second and a quantum bit error rate (QBER) below 7%.
  More details

  UPSC Angle: DRDO & IIT Delhi demonstrate quantum secure communication over 1 km.

  Key Facts:

  • Communication Medium: Free-space optical link (no fiber required).
  • Distance Covered: Over 1 km on the IIT Delhi campus.
  • Secure Key Rate: ~240 bits per second.
  • Quantum Bit Error Rate (QBER): Less than 7%.
  • Method Used: Entanglement-assisted Quantum Key Distribution (QKD).
  • Partners: DRDO's Directorate of Futuristic Technology Management (DFTM) and IIT Delhi under the DRDO-Industry-Academia Centre of Excellence (DIA-CoE).
  • Project: design and development of photonic technologies for free space quantum key distribution or QT.
• 2025-04-22 [Schemes & Programs] — PIB on BharatNet Project
  On April 22, 2025, PIB highlighted the BharatNet project, a rural broadband connectivity initiative, targeting 2.5 lakh Gram Panchayats (GPs) to bridge the rural-urban digital divide. Phase I & II sanctioned funding was ₹42,068 crore, with ₹39,825 crore disbursed as of December 2023, and Phase III involves 5G integration as part of the Amended BharatNet Program (ABP) approved in August 2023.
  More details

  UPSC Angle: BharatNet project aims to connect 2.5 lakh Gram Panchayats.

  Key Facts:

  • Targets 2.5 lakh Gram Panchayats (GPs)
  • Funded by: Digital Bharat Nidhi (DBN) (earlier USOF)
  • Phase I & II sanctioned funding: ₹42,068 crore
  • Funds disbursed (as of Dec 2023): ₹39,825 crore
  • Phase III: 5G integration, part of Amended BharatNet Program (ABP) approved in August 2023