National Commemoration and Socio-Cultural Reclamation: UPSC Current Affairs Analysis & Study Strategy
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The Big Picture
The 2024-2026 period marks a peak in 'State-led Historiography,' where the Indian state is systematically elevating regional reformers and subaltern icons to a pan-Indian status. This 'Civilizational Continuity' project seeks to bridge the gap between ancient spiritual values and modern constitutional democracy. By honoring figures like Sree Narayana Guru (Mahasamadhi Centenary), Parbati Giri (Centenary lead-up), and the Sahibzadas (Veer Baal Diwas), the state is redefining 'Modernity' not as a Western import but as an indigenous evolution rooted in social justice and spiritual reform.
Cross-Theme Insight
The threads reveal a transition from 'Resistance History' (fighting the British) to 'Reclamation History' (recovering lost cultural pride). For instance, the focus on Sardar Patel's 150th birth anniversary (2024-25) has evolved from his role as an 'Integrator' to a 'Civilizational Architect' (linking Somnath reconstruction to modern infrastructure). Similarly, the celebration of the Sikh Gurus and Bhakti movement saints like Guru Ravidas indicates that 'Social Reform' is being repositioned as the foundational pillar of Indian nationalism, preceding and informing the political struggle for independence.
Textbook vs Reality Gap
Standard texts like Rajiv Ahir's Spectrum (p. 225) and TN Board History (p. 303) categorize Sree Narayana Guru primarily as a 'Kerala-specific' reformer of the Ezhavas. However, recent state commemorations frame him as a 'Universal Philosopher' whose 'One Caste, One Religion' slogan is the spiritual precursor to 'Sabka Saath, Sabka Vikas.' Similarly, while NCERT (Class XII, p. 16) focuses on Sardar Patel's diplomatic negotiation with princely states, current commemorations (Rashtriya Ekta Diwas) emphasize his role in 'Internal Security' and 'Civil Services,' a shift towards viewing him as the patron saint of modern Indian governance.
How This Theme Is Evolving
Commemorations have moved from 'Ceremonial' (tributes/stamps) to 'Institutional' (infrastructure naming, such as Sri Guru Ravidas Ji Airport, and specialized commemorative coins). There is a distinct 'Odyssey of the Unsung,' where figures like Parbati Giri ('Mother Teresa of Western Odisha') and Batukeshwar Dutt are being brought into the mainstream to diversify the narrative of the Freedom Movement beyond the 'Top-Tier' leadership.
UPSC Exam Intelligence
Previous Year Question Pattern
UPSC consistently tests the 'ideological output' of reformers. High-frequency topics include the Karachi Session of 1931 (Patel's presidency and fundamental rights - IAS 2005/2010), the Mahad Satyagraha of 1927 (Ambedkar - NDA 2022), and the SNDP movement (Sree Narayana Guru - CDS 2015). Recent trends show a shift toward asking about the specific 'slogans' or 'literary works' associated with these figures (e.g., Aravippuram inscription, Indulekha, or 'Educate, Agitate, Organise').
Probable Prelims Angles
- Dates and significance of National Unity Day (Oct 31), National Technology Day (May 11 - Pokhran II), and Veer Baal Diwas (Dec 26).
- Specifics of the Aruvippuram Movement (1888) and the foundation of SNDP (1903).
- Drafting of the Fundamental Rights resolution at the 1931 Karachi Session (Patel presided, Nehru drafted).
- The term 'Mother Teresa of Western Odisha' associated with Parbati Giri.
- Centenary of the Mahad Satyagraha (1927-2027) lead-up facts.
Preparation Strategy
Key Connections
Sub-Themes and News Coverage (14 themes, 73 news items)
Commemoration of Historical Figures and Social Reformers
Focus: News items detailing tributes, birth anniversaries, and commemorations of significant Indian historical figures, freedom fighters, and social reformers.
UPSC Value: Essential for the 'Personalities in News' section and History/Culture syllabus, highlighting the contributions of these figures to nation-building.
10 news items in this theme:
- 2026-02-13 [History & Heritage] — Tributes Paid to Maharshi Dayanand Saraswati
The Prime Minister paid tributes to Maharshi Dayanand Saraswati on his birth anniversary. He was born on February 12, 1824, in Tankara, Gujarat, as 'Mool Shankar'. He founded the Arya Samaj in 1875 to counter social inequities and promote social reform.More details
UPSC Angle: Dayanand Saraswati founded Arya Samaj in 1875.
Key Facts:
- Birth date: February 12, 1824
- Birth place: Tankara, Gujarat
- Birth name: Mool Shankar
- Founded: Arya Samaj in 1875
- Slogan: “Back to the Vedas”
- Publications: Satyarth Prakash, Sanskar Vidhi, and Yajurved Bhashyam
- First DAV High School was established at Lahore on June 1, 1886, with Mahatma Hans Raj as its headmaster
- 2026-01-21 [History & Heritage] — Parbati Giri Birth Centenary
The Prime Minister paid tribute to freedom fighter Parbati Giri on her birth centenary, recognizing her role in India's freedom struggle. Known as the Mother Teresa of Western Odisha, Giri was a prominent freedom fighter from Odisha who dedicated her life to social work after independence.More details
UPSC Angle: Not exam-relevant
Key Facts:
- Born on 19 January 1926
- Also known as the Mother Teresa of Western Odisha and 'Banhi-kanya'
- In 1942, she was in the forefront of the Quit India movement
- Parbati Giri's birth centenary
- Known as the Mother Teresa of Western Odisha
- Also known as 'Banhi-kanya' (daughter of fire)
- Inspired by Gandhian philosophy
- 2026-01-17 [Society & Culture] — PM Modi pays tribute to Thiruvalluvar
Prime Minister Narendra Modi paid tribute to Thiruvalluvar, acknowledging the enduring influence of his works. Thiruvalluvar flourished around two thousand years ago in Mylapore, present-day Chennai.More details
UPSC Angle: Not exam-relevant
Key Facts:
- Thiruvalluvar flourished around two thousand years ago
- Location: Mylapore, present-day Chennai
- Thiruvalluvar flourished around two thousand years ago in Mylapore, present-day Chennai.
- 2026-01-02 [Society & Culture] — PM pays tribute to Mannathu Padmanabhan
Prime Minister paid tribute to Mannathu Padmanabhan on his birth anniversary, recalling his contributions to social reform, equality, education, health, and women empowerment, and highlighting the continuing relevance of his ideals in building a just and inclusive society.More details
UPSC Angle: Not exam-relevant
Key Facts:
- PM paid tribute to Mannathu Padmanabhan on his birth anniversary.
- Padmanabhan contributed to social reform.
- Padmanabhan contributed to equality.
- Padmanabhan contributed to education.
- Padmanabhan contributed to health.
- Padmanabhan contributed to women empowerment.
- 2025-09-12 [History & Heritage] — Acharya Vinoba Bhave Birth Anniversary
The Prime Minister paid homage to Acharya Vinoba Bhave on his birth anniversary. He was born on September 11, 1895, and was a renowned spiritual leader, freedom fighter, and social reformer. He was the first recipient of the international Ramon Magsaysay Award for Community Leadership in 1958 and was posthumously awarded the Bharat Ratna in 1983.More details
UPSC Angle: Not exam-relevant
Key Facts:
- Birth date: September 11, 1895.
- First Individual Satyagrahi.
- 1st recipient of the international Ramon Magsaysay Award for Community Leadership in 1958.
- Bharat Ratna (posthumously) in 1983.
- 2025-08-04 [History & Heritage] — PM Modi Pays Tribute to Pingali Venkayya
Prime Minister Narendra Modi paid tribute to Pingali Venkayya on his 149th birth anniversary, recognizing his role in designing India's national flag. Venkayya presented the first version of the flag to Mahatma Gandhi in 1921.More details
UPSC Angle: PM Modi pays tribute to Pingali Venkayya on his birth anniversary.
Key Facts:
- Pingali Venkayya's 149th birth anniversary
- Designed the Indian National Flag (Tricolour)
- Presented the first version of the flag to Mahatma Gandhi in 1921
- 2025-06-28 [History & Heritage] — PM pays tribute to Former Prime Minister Shri PV Narasimha Rao on his birth anniversary
Prime Minister Narendra Modi paid tribute to former Prime Minister Shri PV Narasimha Rao on his birth anniversary, recognizing his leadership during a crucial phase of India's economic and political transformation. Modi acknowledged Rao's intellect, wisdom, and scholarly nature and his pivotal role in shaping India's development path.More details
UPSC Angle: Not exam-relevant
Key Facts:
- Prime Minister Narendra Modi paid tribute to former Prime Minister Shri PV Narasimha Rao on his birth anniversary.
- Modi recognized Rao's leadership during a crucial phase of India's economic and political transformation.
- 2025-05-14 [History & Heritage] — President Pays Tribute to Fakhruddin Ali Ahmed
The President of India paid tributes to Fakhruddin Ali Ahmed, former President of India, on his birth anniversary. Born in 1905, Ahmed was a close associate of Mahatma Gandhi and actively participated in the individual Satyagraha and Quit India Movement.More details
UPSC Angle: Not exam-relevant
Key Facts:
- Fakhruddin Ali Ahmed birth anniversary
- Born in 1905
- Practiced law and joined the Indian National Congress
- Participated in the individual Satyagraha and Quit India Movement
- Elected to the Rajya Sabha in 1952 and subsequently to the Lok Sabha in 1967
- 2025-04-15 [Society & Culture] — 135th Birth Anniversary of Dr. B.R. Ambedkar Celebrated
The Department of Justice celebrated the 135th birth anniversary of Dr. B.R. Ambedkar on April 14, 2025, also known as Equality Day. The event reinforced the department's commitment to justice, equality, and constitutional values, and April 14, 2025, was declared a public holiday nationwide.More details
UPSC Angle: 135th birth anniversary of Dr. B.R. Ambedkar celebrated.
Key Facts:
- Organizer: Department of Justice, Ministry of Law & Justice, Government of India
- Born: 14th April 1891
- April 14, 2025 declared a public holiday nationwide
- Also known as “Equality Day”
- 2025-04-11 [History & Heritage] — 198th Birth Anniversary of Mahatma Jyotiba Phule
April 11 marks the 198th birth anniversary of Mahatma Jyotiba Phule, a social reformer known for his fight against caste discrimination, untouchability, and gender inequality. Phule (1827–1890) was a pioneer social reformer, educationist, thinker, and writer from Maharashtra, revered as the “Father of the Indian Social Revolution”.More details
UPSC Angle: 198th birth anniversary of Mahatma Jyotiba Phule.
Key Facts:
- 198th birth anniversary of Mahatma Jyotiba Phule on April 11
- Phule (1827–1890) was a social reformer, educationist, thinker, and writer from Maharashtra
- Revered as the “Father of the Indian Social Revolution”
Commemoration of Historical Icons and Reformers
Focus: State-led tributes and events honoring specific historical figures, social reformers, and freedom fighters on their anniversaries.
UPSC Value: Highlights the government's focus on reinforcing civilizational continuity and acknowledging diverse historical contributors to nation-building.
9 news items in this theme:
- 2025-12-25 [Polity & Governance] — Good Governance Day 2025
Good Governance Day is observed annually on December 25th, marking the birth anniversary of former Prime Minister Atal Bihari Vajpayee. The United Nations defines good governance as participatory, consensus-oriented, accountable, transparent, responsive, effective, equitable, and inclusive, following the rule of law. The Indian government declared December 25th as Good Governance Day in 2014.More details
UPSC Angle: Good Governance Day is observed on December 25th.
Key Facts:
- Good Governance Day: December 25th
- Commemorates: Birth anniversary of Atal Bihari Vajpayee
- First celebrated: 2014
- 2025-12-15 [History & Heritage] — Tributes to Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel
Prime Minister Narendra Modi paid tributes to Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel, the Iron Man of India, on his 75th death anniversary (15 December 1950). Born on October 31, 1875, Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel served as independent India's first Deputy Prime Minister and Home Minister and is regarded as the architect of India's national integration.More details
UPSC Angle: Not exam-relevant
Key Facts:
- Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel death anniversary: 75th (15 December 1950)
- Birth date: October 31, 1875
- Served as: First Deputy Prime Minister and Home Minister of independent India
- 2025-08-19 [History & Heritage] — Aurobindo Ghose's 153rd Birth Anniversary
On August 15, 2025, PM Narendra Modi paid tribute to Sri Aurobindo on his 153rd birth anniversary, acknowledging his impact on India's nation-building journey. Aurobindo was a yogi, philosopher, poet, seer, and nationalist who advocated radical nationalism.More details
UPSC Angle: Aurobindo Ghose's impact on India's nation-building journey.
Key Facts:
- Born on 15th August 1872 in Calcutta
- Died on 5th December 1950 in Pondicherry
- Advocated radical nationalism
- Early proponent of India as a Vishwa Guru
- 2025-08-18 [History & Heritage] — Atal Bihari Vajpayee Death Anniversary
Dignitaries paid tribute to former Prime Minister Atal Bihari Vajpayee on his seventh death anniversary (August 16). Vajpayee launched the Golden Quadrilateral Project and Pradhan Mantri Gram Sadak Yojana (PMGSY), and led the nation during the Pokhran Nuclear Tests (1998).More details
UPSC Angle: Vajpayee launched Golden Quadrilateral Project and PM Gram Sadak Yojana.
Key Facts:
- Atal Bihari Vajpayee's seventh death anniversary: August 16, 2025
- Golden Quadrilateral Project
- Pokhran Nuclear Tests (1998)
- Pradhan Mantri Gram Sadak Yojana (PMGSY) - 2000
- 2025-06-10 [History & Heritage] — PM Pays Tribute to Bhagwan Birsa Munda
The Prime Minister paid tribute to Bhagwan Birsa Munda on his Martyr's Day, also referred to as 'Ulgulan' or the 'Great Tumult,' which aimed to establish Munda raj. The tribal movement, led by Munda, challenged the colonial land revenue system, Zamindari system, and forced labor imposed on the tribals. The movement's primary grievances were the introduction of the Zamindari system and exploitation by outsiders.More details
UPSC Angle: Not exam-relevant
Key Facts:
- Bhagwan Birsa Munda
- Martyr's Day
- Ulgulan' or the 'Great Tumult
- Munda raj
- Zamindari system
- Dikus
- 2025-05-01 [Society & Culture] — Jagadguru Basaveshwara's Wisdom Commemorated
PM Modi remembered the wisdom of Jagadguru Basaveshwara, a 12th-century philosopher, poet, and social reformer, on Basava Jayanthi. Basaveshwara served as a minister under King Bijjala II of the Kalachuri dynasty and played a pivotal role in shaping the Lingayat religious tradition. He promoted gender equality, rejected the caste system, and made spiritual knowledge accessible through Vachanas.More details
UPSC Angle: PM remembers Jagadguru Basaveshwara, 12th-century philosopher, on Basava Jayanthi.
Key Facts:
- Jagadguru Basaveshwara was a 12th-century philosopher and social reformer
- Served as a minister under King Bijjala II of the Kalachuri dynasty
- Played a pivotal role in shaping the Lingayat religious tradition
- Promoted gender equality and rejected the caste system
- Established the Anubhava Mantapa, a spiritual parliament
- Thoughts expressed through Vachanas
- 2025-05-01 [Society & Culture] — Prime Minister Pays Tribute to Jagadguru Basaveshwara on Basava Jayanti
On Basava Jayanti, the Prime Minister paid tribute to Jagadguru Basaveshwara, emphasizing his core teachings of Kayaka (Work as Worship), equality, and opposition to ritualism. Basaveshwara's Anubhava Mantapa is noted as the world's first spiritual and democratic parliament. This tribute reflects the government's strategy to highlight indigenous reform movements and reinforce India's civilizational heritage.More details
UPSC Angle: PM pays tribute to Jagadguru Basaveshwara on Basava Jayanti.
Key Facts:
- Jagadguru Basaveshwara
- Basava Jayanti
- Kayaka (Work as Worship)
- Equality across caste, gender, and religion
- Anubhava Mantapa: world's first spiritual and democratic parliament
- Vachanas (poetic writings in Kannada) spread messages of morality, non-violence, and universal brotherhood
- 2025-04-14 [Society & Culture] — Ambedkar Jayanti & related initiatives
Dr. B.R. Ambedkar's birth anniversary on April 14, 2025, was commemorated with tributes and policy decisions. Prime Minister Modi paid homage to Ambedkar, emphasizing equality, education, and constitutional values. The Telangana government planned to implement a new reservation system for Scheduled Castes from April 14.More details
UPSC Angle: Ambedkar Jayanti commemoration and related policy decisions.
Key Facts:
- Ambedkar Jayanti: April 14, observed as a national holiday
- PM Modi: Emphasized equality, education, and constitutional values
- Telangana: Planned implementation of new reservation system for Scheduled Castes from April 14
- Ambedkar's birth: April 14, 1891, in Mhow, Madhya Pradesh
- ASIIM Scheme: Ambedkar Social Innovation and Incubation Mission supports SC youth entrepreneurs through startup funding
- National Monuments: Sites like Sankalp Bhumi (Vadodara) and Ambedkar's school in Satara proposed for national monument status
- Constitution Day: Observed on 26th Nov since 2015
- Bharat Ratna: Awarded posthumously in 1990
- 2025-03-11 [History & Heritage] — PM pays homage to Pandit Deendayal Upadhyay ji
The Prime Minister paid homage to Pandit Deendayal Upadhyay ji. This demonstrates the Prime Minister's respect for influential figures in Indian history and their contributions to the nation.More details
UPSC Angle: Not exam-relevant
Key Facts:
- The Prime Minister paid homage to Pandit Deendayal Upadhyay ji.
Commemoration of Modern Indian Nationalist Leaders and Social Reformers
Focus: Official state-led tributes and birth anniversary celebrations of key figures from the 19th and 20th centuries who shaped India's social reform movements and the struggle for independence.
UPSC Value: This grouping is essential for studying the contributions of diverse personalities to the Indian National Movement and the socio-political evolution of modern India.
7 news items in this theme:
- 2026-01-29 [History & Heritage] — Lala Lajpat Rai Birth Anniversary
The Prime Minister paid tributes to Punjab Kesari Lala Lajpat Rai on his birth anniversary. He was a lawyer, journalist, and freedom fighter, born on January 28, 1865, in Dhudike.More details
UPSC Angle: Not exam-relevant
Key Facts:
- Born on 28 January 1865 in Dhudike
- Lawyer, journalist, and freedom fighter
- Co-founded the Hisar Bar Council
- Established district branches of Indian National Congress and Arya Samaj
- 2025-11-18 [History & Heritage] — Remembering Batukeshwar Dutt
The birth anniversary of Indian revolutionary and freedom fighter Batukeshwar Dutt was observed. Born in 1910, Dutt was a member of the Hindustan Socialist Republican Association and a comrade of Bhagat Singh. He was convicted in the Delhi Assembly Bomb Case and spent years in prison, enduring hunger strikes for humane treatment.More details
UPSC Angle: Batukeshwar Dutt: revolutionary, member of Hindustan Socialist Republican Association.
Key Facts:
- Born in 1910 in Bengal.
- Member of the Hindustan Socialist Republican Association.
- Convicted in the Delhi Assembly Bomb Case.
- Arrested during Quit India in 1942.
- 2025-10-31 [Society & Culture] — India Commemorates Sardar Patel's 150th Birth Anniversary
On October 31st, 2025, the Prime Minister led the nation in commemorating Rashtriya Ekta Diwas (National Unity Day) at Ekta Nagar, Kevadia, Gujarat, marking the 150th birth anniversary of Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel. Sardar Patel was born on 31st October 1875 in the Leuva Patel Patidar community at Nadiad, Gujarat. He was a law graduate, later becoming a barrister and began his legal practice in Ahmedabad, Gujarat.More details
UPSC Angle: India commemorates Sardar Patel's 150th birth anniversary as Rashtriya Ekta Diwas.
Key Facts:
- Rashtriya Ekta Diwas: October 31, 2025
- 150th birth anniversary of Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel
- Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel born: October 31, 1875, in Nadiad, Gujarat
- Rashtriya Ekta Diwas: Celebrated on October 31st
- Location: Ekta Nagar, Kevadia, Gujarat
- Occasion: 150th birth anniversary of Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel
- Sardar Patel's birth: 31st October 1875 in Nadiad, Gujarat
- Community: Leuva Patel Patidar
- 2025-10-02 [History & Heritage] — Lal Bahadur Shastri Jayanti
Lal Bahadur Shastri Jayanti was observed on October 2, 2025, marking the 121st birth anniversary of India's second Prime Minister. Shastri, born on October 2, 1904, is remembered for his slogan “Jai Jawan, Jai Kisan”.More details
UPSC Angle: Not exam-relevant
Key Facts:
- Event: Lal Bahadur Shastri Jayanti
- Date: October 2, 2025
- Birth anniversary: 121st
- Shastri's slogan: “Jai Jawan, Jai Kisan”
- Born: October 2, 1904
- 2025-09-08 [Society & Culture] — Sree Narayana Guru Birth Anniversary
The birth anniversary of Sree Narayana Guru was observed on September 8, 2025. Born in 1856 in Kerala, he was a social reformer who challenged caste oppression and emphasized spiritual reform.More details
UPSC Angle: Sree Narayana Guru: Social reformer who challenged caste oppression.
Key Facts:
- Born in 1856 in Kerala.
- Belonged to the Ezhava community.
- 2025-07-11 [History & Heritage] — Commemorative Stamp for Syama Prasad Mookerjee
A commemorative stamp has been released to mark the 125th Birth Anniversary of Syama Prasad Mookerjee.More details
UPSC Angle: Not exam-relevant
Key Facts:
- Commemorative stamp
- 125th Birth Anniversary of Syama Prasad Mookerjee
- 2025-04-15 [History & Heritage] — Chettur Sankaran Nair
Prime Minister Narendra Modi criticized the Congress for neglecting the memory of Chettur Sankaran Nair, who resigned from the Viceroy's Executive Council after the Jallianwala Bagh massacre of 1919. Nair, a jurist, statesman, and nationalist leader, is known for his criticism of British policies and advocacy for Indian rights. He authored "Gandhi and Anarchy" (1922), and was sued by Michael O'Dwyer for accusing him of abetting the Jallianwala Bagh massacre.More details
UPSC Angle: Not exam-relevant
Key Facts:
- Born on July 11, 1857, in Mankara village, Palakkad district, Malabar (now Kerala)
- Resigned in July 1919 from Viceroy's Executive Council
- Authored Gandhi and Anarchy (1922)
- Sued by O'Dwyer in the King's Bench, London, and lost the case
Satyagrahas and Anti-Caste Social Reform Movements
Focus: Historical movements and anniversaries focused on Satyagraha, the abolition of untouchability, and caste reform.
UPSC Value: Essential for studying the evolution of social reform movements (Gandhian vs. Ambedkarite vs. Dravidian approaches) and their impact on modern Indian society.
6 news items in this theme:
- 2026-01-14 [History & Heritage] — Champaran Satyagraha
Launched in 1917 by Mahatma Gandhi in Bihar, Champaran Satyagraha was the first Satyagraha movement in India, abolishing forced indigo farming.More details
UPSC Angle: Champaran Satyagraha: Gandhi's first Satyagraha in India.
Key Facts:
- Champaran Satyagraha
- Launched in 1917 by Mahatma Gandhi in Bihar
- Tinkathia system forcing indigo cultivation by peasants
- 2025-12-05 [History & Heritage] — Mahad Satyagraha
Mahad marks the birthplace of one of India's first human rights movements initiated by Dr. B. R. Ambedkar. The Mahad Satyagraha, launched on March 20, 1927, aimed to secure the right of untouchables to access public drinking water.More details
UPSC Angle: Mahad Satyagraha, launched on March 20, 1927, by Dr. Ambedkar.
Key Facts:
- Launched: March 20, 1927, at Chavdar Tale, Mahad (Maharashtra)
- Leader: Dr. B.R. Ambedkar
- Objective: To secure the right of untouchables to access public drinking water
- Burning of Manusmriti: On December 25, 1927, Ambedkar symbolically rejected the scriptural basis of caste oppression.
- Ideas of liberty, equality, fraternity—later embedded in the Constitution—were explicitly articulated at Mahad.
- 2025-10-25 [Society & Culture] — Sree Narayana Guru Mahasamadhi Centenary
The President of India inaugurated the Mahasamadhi centenary of Sree Narayana Guru at Sivagiri Mutt, Kerala, to honor the philosopher and social reformer who led a reform movement against caste injustice in Kerala and promoted spiritual enlightenment and social equality. He founded institutions like the Sarada Mutt at Sivagiri to promote education, spirituality and social upliftment. His slogan, “One Caste, One Religion, One God for All,” is a cornerstone of his philosophy.More details
UPSC Angle: Sree Narayana Guru Mahasamadhi Centenary inaugurated at Sivagiri Mutt.
Key Facts:
- Mahasamadhi centenary of Sree Narayana Guru observed at Sivagiri Mutt, Varkala, Kerala
- Sree Narayana Guru: philosopher, spiritual leader, social reformer
- Led reform movement against caste injustice in Kerala
- Founded Sarada Mutt at Sivagiri to promote education, spirituality, and social upliftment
- Slogan: “One Caste, One Religion, One God for All”
- Important works: Daiva Dasakam, Nivritti Panchakam, and Atmopadesa Satakam
- Sivagiri Mutt, Varkala, Kerala: location of Mahasamadhi centenary observance
- Founded Sarada Mutt at Sivagiri
- President of India inaugurated the Mahasamadhi centenary of Sree Narayana Guru.
- Location: Sivagiri Mutt, Varkala, Kerala.
- Sree Narayana Guru was a philosopher, spiritual leader, and social reformer.
- 2025-09-08 [History & Heritage] — Self-Respect Movement's Centenary
The Self-Respect Movement, which began in 1925, is celebrating its 100th anniversary. Led by Periyar E.V. Ramasamy, the movement challenged caste and gender hierarchy, advocating for women's rights and self-respect marriages.More details
UPSC Angle: Self-Respect Movement's centenary: Challenging caste and gender hierarchy.
Key Facts:
- Started in 1925 as a movement against caste and gender hierarchy.
- Led by Periyar E.V. Ramasamy.
- 2025-06-26 [History & Heritage] — Sree Narayana Guru and Mahatma Gandhi Dialogue Centenary
PM Modi inaugurated the centenary celebration of the historic conversation between Sree Narayana Guru and Mahatma Gandhi at Vigyan Bhawan in New Delhi.More details
UPSC Angle: PM inaugurates centenary celebration of Sree Narayana Guru-Gandhi dialogue.
Key Facts:
- Event: Centenary celebration of the historic conversation between Sree Narayana Guru and Mahatma Gandhi
- Location: Vigyan Bhawan, New Delhi
- 2025-04-25 [History & Heritage] — Vaikom Satyagraha
The Vaikom Satyagraha, initiated against untouchability in the erstwhile Travancore princely State, saw participants demanding the right for Dalits to use public roads leading to the Vaikom Shiva Temple. After a year of protest, the government allowed Dalits to use the roads, marking a victory for social equality. The Satyagraha played a vital role in the social reform movement in Kerala and was an important part of the broader struggle against untouchability and caste oppression in India.More details
UPSC Angle: Vaikom Satyagraha against untouchability in Travancore.
Key Facts:
- Cause: The movement was initiated against the practice of untouchability.
- Protest: Participants in the Satyagraha demanded the right of Dalits to use public roads and approach the temple like other castes.
- Outcome: After over a year of protest and negotiations, the Government eventually allowed Dalits to use the public roads leading to the temple.
State-Led Commemoration of Historical and Cultural Milestones
Focus: Official government initiatives and ministerial participation in celebrating significant milestone anniversaries (birth, centenary, or work-related) of Indian historical figures and national symbols.
UPSC Value: Highlights the role of cultural diplomacy and heritage management in shaping national narrative and identity through the framework of historical commemoration.
6 news items in this theme:
- 2025-12-13 [Society & Culture] — Savarkar's Poem Anniversary
Union Home Minister addressed a cultural programme in Sri Vijayapuram to mark 115 years of Swatantryaveer Vinayak Damodar Savarkar's poem Sagara Pran Talamalala. 'Sagara Pran Talamalala' is a Marathi patriotic poem expressing an exiled revolutionary's torment, homesickness and yearning for the motherland.More details
UPSC Angle: Not exam-relevant
Key Facts:
- 115th anniversary of Savarkar's poem 'Sagara Pran Talamalala'.
- Poem expresses an exiled revolutionary's feelings for the motherland.
- 2025-11-07 [History & Heritage] — Amit Shah Highlights 'Vande Mataram' Anniversary
Union Home Minister Amit Shah stated that the national song 'Vande Mataram' heralded the Indian freedom movement and united the country post-independence. Addressing an event celebrating the song's 150th anniversary, Shah asserted that freedom fighters' dreams have been fulfilled in the last 11 years through collective efforts. The song, written by Bankim Chandra Chattopadhyay, was composed on Akshaya Navami, which fell on November 7, 1875.More details
UPSC Angle: Not exam-relevant
Key Facts:
- Amit Shah: 'Vande Mataram' heralded the Indian freedom movement and kept the country united.
- Event celebrated the 150th anniversary of the song.
- Song was written by Bankim Chandra Chattopadhyay on Akshaya Navami, November 7, 1875.
- 2025-07-05 [History & Heritage] — Alluri Sitarama Raju: Government reaffirms goal to eliminate Maoist insurgency
On the 128th birth anniversary celebrations of Alluri Sitarama Raju, the Union Defence Minister praised his contributions to India's freedom struggle and reaffirmed the government's goal to eliminate Maoist insurgency by August 2026. Alluri Sitarama Raju led a tribal uprising against British colonial rule in the Eastern Ghats of Andhra Pradesh.More details
UPSC Angle: Not exam-relevant
Key Facts:
- Event: 128th birth anniversary celebrations of Alluri Sitarama Raju
- Government goal: Eliminate Maoist insurgency by August 2026
- Alluri Sitarama Raju: Led tribal uprising against British in Andhra Pradesh
- 2025-05-28 [Society & Culture] — Savarkar Jayanti
Savarkar Jayanti is celebrated on May 28, marking the birth of Vinayak Savarkar in 1883. Savarkar, also known as Veer Savarkar, was a freedom fighter, poet, writer, and political ideologue who advocated for revolution to achieve independence. He founded the secret society "Abhinav Bharat" in 1904 and established the "Free India Society" in London.More details
UPSC Angle: Not exam-relevant
Key Facts:
- Savarkar Jayanti is celebrated on May 28.
- Vinayak Damodar Savarkar was born in 1883.
- Savarkar founded "Abhinav Bharat" in 1904.
- Savarkar established the "Free India Society" in London.
- 2025-05-28 [Society & Culture] — Ahilyabai Holkar's 300th Birth Anniversary
Madhya Pradesh is commemorating the 300th birth anniversary of Maratha queen Devi Ahilyabai Holkar with a state-led campaign. Born in Chaundi village, Maharashtra, to Mankoji Rao Shinde, she received education from her father. She was the Holkar Queen of the Maratha-ruled Malwa kingdom.More details
UPSC Angle: Not exam-relevant
Key Facts:
- 300th birth anniversary of Devi Ahilyabai Holkar.
- She was the Holkar Queen of the Maratha-ruled Malwa kingdom.
- Born in Chaundi village, Maharashtra.
- Father's name: Mankoji Rao Shinde.
- 2025-04-28 [Society & Culture] — Pandit Chatur Lal Centenary Stamp
The Department of Posts will release a commemorative stamp to celebrate the centenary year of Pandit Chatur Lal, the first Indian tabla player to popularize Indian percussion music in the West.More details
UPSC Angle: Not exam-relevant
Key Facts:
- Pandit Chatur Lal was the first Indian tabla player to popularize Indian percussion music in the West
Domestic Commemorative Days Honoring National History
Focus: Official days observed by the Indian government to commemorate specific figures, military victories, or historical events rooted in Indian history.
UPSC Value: Helps in understanding the government's focus on historical consciousness, national integration, and the recognition of diverse contributors to nation-building (GS Paper 1 & 2).
5 news items in this theme:
- 2026-01-24 [Society & Culture] — Parakram Diwas 2026
The Ministry of Culture organized Parakram Diwas–2026 from January 23 to 25, 2026, at Sri Vijaya Puram, Andaman and Nicobar (A&N) Islands, to commemorate the 129th birth anniversary of Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose. Admiral D.K. Joshi, Lieutenant Governor of Andaman and Nicobar Islands, was the Chief Guest.More details
UPSC Angle: Parakram Diwas commemorates Netaji's birth anniversary; celebrated in Andaman & Nicobar.
Key Facts:
- Parakram Diwas–2026
- January 23 to 25, 2026
- Sri Vijaya Puram
- Andaman and Nicobar (A&N) Islands
- 129th birth anniversary of Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose
- Admiral D.K. Joshi (Chief Guest)
- 2025-11-23 [Society & Culture] — National Integration Day (Quami Ekta Diwas)
National Integration Day (Quami Ekta Diwas) is observed on November 19, commemorating the birth anniversary of Indira Gandhi, India's first woman PM. The day was instituted in 1985.More details
UPSC Angle: Not exam-relevant
Key Facts:
- National Integration Day (Quami Ekta Diwas): November 19
- Commemorates birth anniversary of Indira Gandhi
- Instituted in 1985
- 2025-10-27 [Society & Culture] — Janjatiya Gaurav Diwas
The Centre is preparing for Janjatiya Gaurav Diwas in November, promoting recognition of tribal heroes and heritage, linking to inclusive governance, cultural nationalism, and social integration.More details
UPSC Angle: Janjatiya Gaurav Diwas promotes recognition of tribal heroes.
Key Facts:
- Janjatiya Gaurav Diwas is in November.
- 2025-08-16 [History & Heritage] — Partition Horrors Remembrance Day
Prime Minister Modi paid homage to the resilience of survivors on Partition Horrors Remembrance Day, recalling the tragedy of Partition. Partition Horrors Remembrance Day (Vibhajan Vibhishika Smriti Diwas) is observed every year on 14th August. The Government of India declared 14th August as Partition Horrors Remembrance Day in 2021.More details
UPSC Angle: Partition Horrors Remembrance Day (Vibhajan Vibhishika Smriti Diwas).
Key Facts:
- Observed every year on 14th August
- Declared by the Government of India in 2021
- Honours those who lost their lives or were displaced during the Partition
- Mass Migration: Around 12–15 million people were displaced across the new India–Pakistan border in 1947
- Partition caused over 1 million deaths
- 2025-07-26 [History & Heritage] — Kargil Vijay Diwas
India commemorated the 26th anniversary of Kargil Vijay Diwas on July 26, 2025, honoring the armed forces' victory in the 1999 Kargil War against Pakistani intruders. The day is a national tribute to the bravery, resilience, and martyrdom of Indian soldiers who defended the nation's sovereignty under extreme conditions. Three initiatives were launched by the Indian Army to honor the soldiers' bravery, including an e-tribute portal and a QR code-based audio application.More details
UPSC Angle: Kargil Vijay Diwas; commemorates victory in 1999 Kargil War.
Key Facts:
- Kargil Vijay Diwas is observed annually on July 26
- Marks India's victory over Pakistan in the 1999 Kargil War
- Operation Vijay was launched to reclaim occupied positions along the Kargil sector
- The Kargil War Memorial in Dras, Ladakh, was built in 2000
- Indian Army launched three initiatives to honor soldiers' bravery in 2025
- e-Shraddhanjali portal launched for citizens to pay virtual tribute
- QR code-based audio application to understand events during the war
- The conflict began in May 1999 when Pakistani intruders occupied Indian posts across the Line of Control (LoC)
- Operation Safed Sagar was carried out by the IAF
- Operation Talwar was launched by the Indian Navy
- Date Observed: 26 July 2025.
- Conflict Duration: May–July 1999 (~60 days).
- Location: Kargil Sector, Jammu & Kashmir (now Ladakh UT).
- Operation Vijay launched on 8 May 1999.
- Indian casualties: 545 soldiers martyred, over 1,100 injured.
- Battles fought at 16,000–18,000 ft elevation.
- Pakistani infiltration violated the Lahore Declaration (Feb 1999).
Modern Institutional Efforts in the Commemoration and Documentation of Historical Indian Dynasties
Focus: Recent state-led and institutional activities—including monument unveilings, artifact reclamations, epigraphical discoveries, and commemorative festivals—focused on preserving and celebrating the legacies of various Indian dynasties.
UPSC Value: Highlights the intersection of heritage conservation, state-sponsored commemoration, and the study of primary historical sources (epigraphy and artifacts) in the context of Indian Art and Culture.
5 news items in this theme:
- 2025-07-29 [History & Heritage] — Rajendra Chola I Birth Anniversary
Prime Minister commemorated the birth anniversary of Rajendra Chola I, a significant ruler of the Chola dynasty, who contributed to India's art, architecture, and rule, particularly in the southern part of the country.More details
UPSC Angle: Not exam-relevant
Key Facts:
- Rajendra Chola I was a ruler of the Chola dynasty.
- The Ministry of Culture is celebrating the birth anniversary of Rajendra Chola I under the Adi Tithi festival.
- 2025-07-05 [History & Heritage] — Bajirao Peshwa I Statue Unveiled in Pune
The Union Home Minister and Minister of Cooperation unveiled the statue of Shrimant Bajirao Peshwa I in Pune, Maharashtra. Bajirao I, the 7th Peshwa of the Maratha Empire, served under Chhatrapati Shahu I and is renowned for his military campaigns and expansion of the Maratha kingdom.More details
UPSC Angle: Not exam-relevant
Key Facts:
- Event: Statue unveiled
- Person: Shrimant Bajirao Peshwa I
- Location: Pune, Maharashtra
- Bajirao I: 7th Peshwa of the Maratha Empire
- 2025-05-06 [History & Heritage] — Vikramaditya I Inscription Discovery
A rare 7th-century Old Kannada inscription from the reign of Vikramaditya I of Badami Chalukyas has been unearthed at Madapura Lake in Davangere, Karnataka. The inscription provides insights into taxation, land donation, and regional administration during his rule. Vikramaditya I's capital was Vatapi (modern Badami) in Karnataka.More details
UPSC Angle: Vikramaditya I inscription provides insights into taxation.
Key Facts:
- The inscription is from the 7th century and in Old Kannada.
- The inscription was found at Madapura Lake in Davangere, Karnataka.
- Vikramaditya I was a ruler of the Badami Chalukyas dynasty.
- Vikramaditya I's capital was Vatapi (modern Badami).
- 2025-04-30 [History & Heritage] — Maharashtra Reclaims Sword of Raghuji Bhosale I
The Maharashtra government has reclaimed the iconic sword of Maratha warrior Raghuji Bhosale I. Raghuji Bhosale I (1695–1755) was the founder of the Nagpur-based Bhosale dynasty and a prominent Maratha general. He led military campaigns in Bengal in 1745 and 1755, expanding the Maratha Empire's territory.More details
UPSC Angle: Maharashtra reclaims sword of Raghuji Bhosale I, founder of Nagpur dynasty.
Key Facts:
- Raghuji Bhosale I lived from 1695–1755
- Raghuji Bhosale I was the founder of the Nagpur-based Bhosale dynasty
- He was honoured with the title 'Senasaheb Subha' by Chhatrapati Shahu Maharaj
- Led pivotal military campaigns in Bengal in 1745 and 1755
- 2025-04-03 [History & Heritage] — Copper Plates Unveiled in Bengaluru
A set of rare copper plates from the reign of Devaraya I of the Sangama Dynasty (early 15th century) has been unveiled in Bengaluru by Falcon Coins Gallery and the Archaeological Survey of India (ASI). The plates, written in Sanskrit and Kannada using Nāgarī characters, are dated Saka 1328 (1406 CE) and confirm Devaraya I's coronation date.More details
UPSC Angle: Rare copper plates from Devaraya I's reign unveiled in Bengaluru.
Key Facts:
- Copper plates from Devaraya I's reign (Sangama Dynasty)
- Dated Saka 1328 (1406 CE)
- Unveiled in Bengaluru by Falcon Coins Gallery and ASI
Commemorative Days for Science and Technology in India
Focus: A series of national and international observance days celebrated in India to honor technological milestones, professional contributions in engineering, and advancements in artificial intelligence.
UPSC Value: Understanding the institutional recognition of STEM achievements is vital for topics related to Science and Technology, as well as the promotion of scientific temper in India.
4 news items in this theme:
- 2026-02-24 [Science & Technology] — National Science Day 2026
India observed National Science Day on February 28, 2026, to honor the discovery of the Raman Effect by physicist C.V. Raman in 1928, which earned him the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1930. The theme for 2026 was “Women in Science: Catalysing Viksit Bharat,” emphasizing the contribution of women scientists and innovators in building a developed India.More details
UPSC Angle: National Science Day celebrates Raman Effect; theme is important.
Key Facts:
- National Science Day was celebrated on 28 February.
- The theme was “Women in Science: Catalysing Viksit Bharat”.
- 2025-09-15 [Society & Culture] — India Celebrates National Engineers' Day 2025
India celebrated National Engineers' Day on September 15, 2025, commemorating the birth anniversary of Sir M. Visvesvaraya, a Bharat Ratna awardee and legendary engineer. India accounts for 20% of the world's chip design engineers and ranks 1st globally in AI skill penetration.More details
UPSC Angle: Not exam-relevant
Key Facts:
- National Engineers Day
- September 15th
- M. Visvesvaraya
- National Engineers' Day: September 15, 2025
- Commemoration of: Sir M. Visvesvaraya's birth anniversary
- Sir M. Visvesvaraya: Bharat Ratna awardee
- India's Global Ranking: 1st in AI skill penetration (Stanford AI Index 2024)
- India's Share: Accounts for 20% of the world's chip design engineers
- 2025-07-17 [Science & Technology] — India observes AI Appreciation Day
India observed AI Appreciation Day on July 16 to highlight the country's rapid progress in artificial intelligence across sectors like healthcare, education, governance, and agriculture. The day recognizes the transformative role of AI in society and acknowledges contributions from developers, scientists, and policymakers. India's AI journey began in the 1960s with early computer science research.More details
UPSC Angle: India observed AI Appreciation Day on July 16.
Key Facts:
- AI Appreciation Day was observed on July 16.
- Celebrates India's growing role in the global AI landscape.
- AI is transforming healthcare, education, agriculture, governance, and industry in India.
- India's AI journey began in the 1960s.
- 2025-05-12 [Science & Technology] — National Technology Day Commemorates Pokhran Nuclear Tests
May 11 marked the 27th National Technological Day of India, commemorating the Pokhran nuclear tests conducted in 1998. Former Prime Minister Atal Bihari Vajpayee designated May 11 as National Technology Day.More details
UPSC Angle: May 11 is National Technology Day, commemorating Pokhran nuclear tests.
Key Facts:
- May 11 is the 27th National Technology Day
- Commemorates Pokhran nuclear tests in 1998
- Designated by Atal Bihari Vajpayee
- May 11 marked the 27th National Technological Day of India.
- The day commemorates the Pokhran nuclear tests conducted in 1998.
- Atal Bihari Vajpayee designated May 11 as National Technology Day.
Commemoration of Sikh Gurus and Martyrs
Focus: Events specifically honoring the birth anniversaries or martyrdom of Sikh Gurus and their family members.
UPSC Value: Useful for studying the timeline of Sikh history commemorations and their integration into modern governance (renaming airports, national holidays).
4 news items in this theme:
- 2026-02-02 [Society & Culture] — Adampur Airport Renamed
To mark the 649th birth anniversary of Sant Guru Ravidas, the Adampur airport is renamed Sri Guru Ravidas Ji Airport, Adampur.More details
UPSC Angle: Adampur airport renamed Sri Guru Ravidas Ji Airport, Adampur.
Key Facts:
- Adampur airport renamed Sri Guru Ravidas Ji Airport, Adampur
- Marks the 649th birth anniversary of Sant Guru Ravidas
- 2025-12-27 [Society & Culture] — Veer Bal Diwas
Veer Bal Diwas is observed on December 26th every year, starting in 2022, to commemorate the martyrdom of Guru Gobind Singh Ji's sons, Sahibzada Zorawar Singh and Sahibzada Fateh Singh. They were bricked alive on December 26, 1704, for refusing to abandon their faith. The objective is to honor their bravery and inspire youth.More details
UPSC Angle: Veer Bal Diwas: Commemorates martyrdom of Guru Gobind Singh Ji's sons.
Key Facts:
- Observed annually on December 26th.
- Commemorates the martyrdom of Sahibzada Zorawar Singh and Sahibzada Fateh Singh.
- They were bricked alive on December 26, 1704.
- Observed since 2022.
- 2025-11-26 [History & Heritage] — Sri Guru Tegh Bahadur's 350th Anniversary Commemoration
The President of India attended the 350th anniversary commemoration of Sri Guru Tegh Bahadur at the Red Fort, New Delhi. Sri Guru Tegh Bahadur (1621–1675) was the ninth Guru of Sikhism, known for his fearlessness and sacrifice to defend freedom of conscience.More details
UPSC Angle: 350th anniversary commemoration of Sri Guru Tegh Bahadur.
Key Facts:
- President of India attended the 350th anniversary of Sri Guru Tegh Bahadur.
- Location: Red Fort, New Delhi.
- Sri Guru Tegh Bahadur (1621–1675) was the ninth Guru of Sikhism.
- 2025-04-18 [History & Heritage] — Guru Tegh Bahadur's Parkash Purab
The Prime Minister paid tribute to Sri Guru Teg Bahadur on the auspicious Parkash Purab. He was the ninth Sikh Guru, born on April 1, 1621, in Amritsar and the youngest son of Guru Hargobind Sahib. Originally named Tyag Mal, he earned the title Tegh Bahadur after displaying bravery in battle.More details
UPSC Angle: Not exam-relevant
Key Facts:
- Guru Tegh Bahadur: Ninth Sikh Guru
- Born: April 1, 1621, in Amritsar
- Original Name: Tyag Mal
- Title: Tegh Bahadur
National Commemorative Days and Observances in India
Focus: Annual national observances in India that commemorate historical events, professional milestones, or constitutional safeguards for specific communities.
UPSC Value: This grouping helps candidates identify the historical origins, themes, and institutional roles associated with key national days, which are frequently tested in the Prelims.
4 news items in this theme:
- 2025-12-18 [Society & Culture] — Minorities Rights Day in India
Minorities Rights Day in India is observed on 18th December every year to safeguard the constitutionally guaranteed rights of religious minorities in the country. Minorities Rights Day was first observed on December 18th, 1992 by the United Nations. In India, it is the responsibility of the National Commission for Minorities (NCM) to carry out the events on this day.More details
UPSC Angle: Minorities Rights Day in India observed on 18th December.
Key Facts:
- Minorities Rights Day in India is observed on 18th December.
- Minorities Rights Day was first observed on December 18th, 1992 by the United Nations.
- The National Commission for Minorities (NCM) is responsible for carrying out the events on this day.
- 2025-11-23 [Defense & Security] — 78th NCC Day
The 78th NCC Day was celebrated on November 23. The NCC was established on November 23, 1948.More details
UPSC Angle: Not exam-relevant
Key Facts:
- 78th NCC Day was celebrated on November 23, 2025
- NCC established on November 23, 1948
- 2025-09-13 [Environment & Ecology] — National Forest Martyrs Day
National Forest Martyrs Day is observed annually on September 11th in India to honor the sacrifices of those who have laid down their lives in defense of the country's forests and wildlife. The day commemorates the Khejarli Massacre of 1730.More details
UPSC Angle: National Forest Martyrs Day honors sacrifices in forest and wildlife protection.
Key Facts:
- National Forest Martyrs Day
- Observed annually on September 11th
- Honors sacrifices in defense of forests and wildlife
- Khejarli Massacre (1730)
- 2025-07-01 [Society & Culture] — National Doctor's Day observed in India
India observes National Doctor's Day on July 1st to recognize the contributions of medical professionals. The 2025 theme is “Behind the Mask: Who Heals the Healers?” focusing on the mental health and well-being of doctors.More details
UPSC Angle: Not exam-relevant
Key Facts:
- National Doctor's Day
- Observed on July 1st
- 2025 theme: “Behind the Mask: Who Heals the Healers?”
- Honors Dr. Bidhan Chandra Roy
- Established in 1991 by the Government of India
Commemoration of Historical Indian Figures (Non-Sikh)
Focus: Anniversaries and renaming ceremonies honoring historical figures from diverse Indian traditions (Buddhism, Bhakti movement, Royal history).
UPSC Value: Demonstrates the state's engagement with cultural history through the recognition of regional and spiritual icons.
4 news items in this theme:
- 2025-08-20 [History & Heritage] — 117th Birth Anniversary of Maharaja Bir Bikram Kishore Manikya Bahadur
Tributes were paid on the 117th birth anniversary of Maharaja Bir Bikram Kishore Manikya Bahadur. He is remembered for his contributions and legacy.More details
UPSC Angle: Not exam-relevant
Key Facts:
- 117th birth anniversary of Maharaja Bir Bikram Kishore Manikya Bahadur
- 2025-06-11 [Society & Culture] — Sant Kabir Das Birth Anniversary
The Prime Minister paid tribute to Sant Kabir Das on his birth anniversary (11th June). He was a 15th-century Indian poet and mystic.More details
UPSC Angle: Not exam-relevant
Key Facts:
- 15th-century Indian poet and mystic
- Born in Kashi (Varanasi)
- 2025-05-12 [Society & Culture] — Vaishakh Buddha Purnima
Vaishakh Buddha Purnima is celebrated on May 12th, marking the birth, enlightenment, and death of Gautama Buddha. Celebrated as the “thrice-blessed day” in India and other South and Southeast Asian nations. Recognized by the United Nations as the 'UN Day of Vesak' since 1999.More details
UPSC Angle: Vaishakh Buddha Purnima marks the birth, enlightenment, and death of Buddha.
Key Facts:
- Celebrated on May 12th
- Marks birth, enlightenment, and death of Gautama Buddha
- Recognized by UN as 'UN Day of Vesak' since 1999
- 2025-03-10 [Society & Culture] — CISF Training Centre Renamed in Honor of Chola Prince
The CISF Recruits Training Centre (RTC) in Arakkonam was renamed Rajaditya Chola RTC, Thakkolam, in honor of Chola prince Rajaditya. The renaming ceremony was attended by Union Home Minister Amit Shah on March 7, 2025.More details
UPSC Angle: Not exam-relevant
Key Facts:
- CISF Recruits Training Centre (RTC)
- Arakkonam
- Rajaditya Chola RTC
- Thakkolam
- Chola prince Rajaditya
- Union Home Minister Amit Shah
- March 7, 2025
National Commemorative Observances
Focus: Government-recognized days dedicated to specific social, legal, or cultural causes rather than general public holidays.
UPSC Value: Highlights significant days (Sports, Legal Services, Minorities) often asked in 'Days and Events' sections or relevant for social justice topics.
3 news items in this theme:
- 2025-11-09 [Polity & Governance] — National Legal Services Day 2025
November 9, 2025, marks National Legal Services Day, commemorating the Legal Services Authorities Act, 1987, which came into force on November 9, 1995. The Department of Justice and NALSA released updated data (2022–25) highlighting major achievements in free legal aid, Lok Adalats, Tele-Law, DISHA, and LADCS schemes. Lok Adalats, established under Sections 19–22 of the Act, resolved 23.58 crore cases between 2022 and 2025, contributing to a significant reduction in court pendency.More details
UPSC Angle: National Legal Services Day commemorates the Legal Services Authorities Act, 1987.
Key Facts:
- Observed on November 9th
- National Legal Services Day
- Commemorates the Legal Services Authorities Act, 1987
- Act came into force on 9 November 1995
- Updated data (2022–25) from the Department of Justice and NALSA
- Lok Adalats established under Sections 19–22 of the Act
- 23.58 crore cases resolved between 2022–25
- ₹250 crore outlay for DISHA (Designing Innovative Solutions for Holistic Access to Justice)
- 2.10 crore people benefited from DISHA as of Feb 2025
- 2025-08-29 [Sports & Awards] — National Sports Day 2025
National Sports Day was celebrated on August 29, 2025, to mark the birth anniversary of hockey legend Major Dhyan Chand, with nationwide events under the theme “Ek Ghanta, Khel ke Maidan Main”. The Indian Government declared August 29 as National Sports Day in 2012 to emphasize the importance of sports and physical activities.More details
UPSC Angle: National Sports Day: August 29, birth anniversary of Major Dhyan Chand.
Key Facts:
- National Sports Day celebrated on August 29
- Commemorates the birth anniversary of Major Dhyan Chand
- Theme: “Ek Ghanta, Khel ke Maidan Main”
- Declared by the Indian Government in 2012
- 2025-08-11 [Society & Culture] — Ministry of Religious Affairs to observe Minority Day
The Ministry of Religious Affairs and Interfaith Harmony will observe Minority Day on August 11, 2025.More details
UPSC Angle: Ministry of Religious Affairs to observe Minority Day on August 11.
Key Facts:
- Event: Minority Day
- Date: August 11, 2025
- Organized by: Ministry of Religious Affairs and Interfaith Harmony
State Recognition of Institutional and Cultural Heritage
Focus: Government initiatives focused on commemorating historical milestones, corporate jubilees, and documenting national cultural legacies through symbolic releases and mapping projects.
UPSC Value: Highlights the role of the state in cultural preservation and the use of commemorative tools (coins, mapping) to reinforce national identity and institutional history.
3 news items in this theme:
- 2025-11-08 [Economy] — Rs. 50 Commemorative Coin Released for NHPC Golden Jubilee
Union Minister Manohar Lal Khattar, Ministry of Power (MoP), released a commemorative coin of Rs. 50 to mark the Golden Jubilee (50 years) of NHPC Limited.More details
UPSC Angle: Not exam-relevant
Key Facts:
- Rs. 50 Commemorative Coin released for NHPC Golden Jubilee
- Released by Union Minister Manohar Lal Khattar
- NHPC Golden Jubilee (50 years)
- 2025-08-01 [History & Heritage] — ₹1,000 Commemorative Coin for Rajendra Chola I's Naval Expedition
Prime Minister Narendra Modi released a ₹1,000 commemorative coin in Gangaikonda Cholapuram to mark the 1,000th anniversary of the naval expedition of King Rajendra Chola I. The coin features King Rajendra Chola I on horseback with a ship in the backdrop.More details
UPSC Angle: ₹1,000 coin for Rajendra Chola I's naval expedition anniversary.
Key Facts:
- ₹1,000 commemorative coin released for the 1,000th anniversary of Rajendra Chola I's naval expedition.
- 2025-07-30 [Society & Culture] — Mera Gaon Meri Dharohar Initiative Documents India's Cultural Heritage
The Central Government has successfully documented the cultural heritage of over 4.7 lakh villages through the 'Mera Gaon Meri Dharohar' (MGMD) initiative. The programme is being implemented by the Indira Gandhi National Centre for the Arts (IGNCA) under the National Mission on Cultural Mapping (NMCM).More details
UPSC Angle: 'Mera Gaon Meri Dharohar' documents cultural heritage of 4.7 lakh villages.
Key Facts:
- The Central Government has successfully documented the cultural heritage of over 4.7 lakh villages through the 'Mera Gaon Meri Dharohar' (MGMD) initiative.
- The programme is being implemented by the Indira Gandhi National Centre for the Arts (IGNCA) under the National Mission on Cultural Mapping (NMCM).
Gender and Caste Equality: Reformist Ideals and Societal Friction
Focus: The items explore the tension between historical and modern efforts to promote gender and caste equality (Periyar's legacy and the Adishakti Abhiyan) and the violent societal backlash intended to preserve traditional hierarchies (honour killings).
UPSC Value: Useful for GS Paper I (Social Issues) and GS Paper II (Social Justice) to analyze the progress and challenges of social engineering and reform in India.
3 news items in this theme:
- 2025-08-18 [Society & Culture] — Honour Killings in India
Caste-based killings in Tamil Nadu and other states have sparked debate on honour crimes, highlighting the use of violence to preserve caste hierarchies, especially against inter-caste unions. Honour killings are murders by family or community members to address perceived dishonor caused by relationships defying caste, community, or gender norms.More details
UPSC Angle: Debate on honour crimes and violence to preserve caste hierarchies.
Key Facts:
- Honour killings: Violent tool to preserve caste hierarchies
- Mostly target young couples
- Perpetrators: Family or community members
- Cause: Relationships defying caste, community, or gender norms
- 2025-06-08 [History & Heritage] — Kudiarasu Weekly and Periyar's Legacy
Kudiarasu weekly was launched in 1925 and Periyar led a movement aimed to abolish caste hierarchy and promote equality, dignity and rationalization. Periyar encouraged inter-caste marriage, propagated atheism and gender equality, and asked for equal representation for women in governance, empowering marginalized communities to question traditions.More details
UPSC Angle: Kudiarasu weekly and Periyar's legacy of social reform.
Key Facts:
- Kudiarasu weekly was launched in 1925.
- Periyar advocated to eradicate supremacy of the Brahmins.
- Periyar promoted intercast marriage, propagated atheism and gender equality.
- 2025-05-09 [Schemes & Programs] — Maharashtra Launches Adishakti Abhiyan
To honor the 300th birth anniversary of Ahilyabai Holkar, the Maharashtra government has launched the Adishakti Abhiyan, a Rs 10.50 crore campaign aimed at strengthening the delivery of women's and children's welfare schemes. The initiative seeks to boost women's participation in local governance and address social challenges.More details
UPSC Angle: Maharashtra launches Adishakti Abhiyan for women and child welfare.
Key Facts:
- Maharashtra launched the Adishakti Abhiyan.
- The campaign is worth Rs 10.50 crore.
- It commemorates the 300th birth anniversary of Ahilyabai Holkar.
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