Sectoral Diplomacy and Strategic Summits: UPSC Current Affairs Analysis & Study Strategy

In-Depth Analysis

The Big Picture

The 2025-2026 summit cycle marks a pivot from 'generalist diplomacy' to 'specialized sectoral engagement'. India is increasingly using high-level forums not just for geopolitical positioning, but as technical laboratories to blueprint the 'Viksit Bharat 2047' vision across niche domains like supercomputing, green steel, and precision horticulture.

Cross-Theme Insight

Together, these threads reveal a 'multi-layered diplomatic architecture' where the Central government, State governments (e.g., Jharkhand at WEF), and specialized scientific bodies (e.g., ESTIC replacing the Indian Science Congress) operate simultaneously. This represents a functional decentralization of India's global outreach, where sector-specific expertise (Aviation, Rice, ISA) replaces broad political rhetoric as the primary currency of international influence.

Textbook vs Reality Gap

While standard textbooks emphasize a centralized, Nehruvian foreign policy framework focused on 'preserv[ing] hard-earned sovereignty' (Politics in India since Independence, NCERT, p. 57), the 2025-2026 reality exhibits 'Paradiplomacy' and sectoral leadership. Static texts describe the ISA as a 121-country 'coalition of sunshine-rich countries' (Indian Economy, Nitin Singhania, p. 451), but current events show it evolving into a mature intergovernmental assembly hosting its 8th session with a focus on global technology standards rather than just 'sunshine' membership.

How This Theme Is Evolving

The theme has evolved from hosting 'General Summits' to 'Policy Conclaves' (like Kautilya) and 'Technical Symposia' (like Abhyuday-3). The trajectory suggests a future where India's international standing is maintained through leadership in 'Technical Standards' and 'Sectoral Roadmaps' rather than just diplomatic alignment.

UPSC Exam Intelligence

Previous Year Question Pattern

Recent UPSC papers have shifted from simple summit locations (CDS 2017, NID 12392) to testing nuanced themes and membership criteria, such as the 16th BRICS Summit theme (IAS 2025, NID 6336). There is a consistent interest in the 'objectives' of National Policies like Civil Aviation (NDA 2017, NID 15705).

Probable Prelims Angles

• Distinction between the 'Indian Science Congress' and the newly formed 'Emerging Science, Technology and Innovation Conclave (ESTIC)'.
• Specific theme of the 4th Kautilya Economic Conclave: 'Seeking Prosperity in Turbulent Times'.
• The role of C-DAC in organizing the inaugural 'Supercomputing India 2025' conference.
• Membership status of the International Solar Alliance (ISA) — whether it's limited to 'sunshine countries' or open to all UN members.
• Jharkhand’s focus areas at WEF 2026: Critical minerals and resource governance.

Mains Answer Framework

• India's 2025-2026 summit calendar signifies a transition from 'norm-taking' to 'norm-setting' in strategic sectors like green energy, civil aviation, and digital technology.
• Sectoral Summits (e.g., Bharat Steel 2026) as catalysts for the 'Viksit Bharat 2047' roadmap through public-private collaboration.. The rise of 'State-level Economic Diplomacy' where states like Jharkhand engage directly with global platforms like WEF to leverage local resource strengths.. Institutional reforms in scientific discourse, exemplified by replacing the Indian Science Congress with ESTIC to align research with national innovation goals.
• By institutionalizing these specialized forums, India is building a resilient 'Knowledge-Diplomacy' framework that secures its role as a bridge between the Global South and advanced technological powers.

Essay Connections

• 'The Global South: From a Voice of Protest to a Voice of Solutions' — use BRICS 2025 and ISA 8th Assembly as examples.
• 'Federalism in the Age of Globalization' — discuss Jharkhand's participation in WEF as a case of cooperative/bargaining federalism.

Preparation Strategy

Reading Approach

Start with Laxmikanth's Foreign Policy and Nitin Singhania's Industry/Infrastructure chapters to build the constitutional and economic framework. Then, layer the 2025-2026 items as 'applied examples' of how these sectors are being globalized.

Textbook Roadmap

• Indian Polity, M. Laxmikanth (7th ed.) > Chapter 88: Foreign Policy. Threads 2, 5, and 10 (BRICS, G20, and US-India relations).. Basic determinants and objectives of Indian Foreign Policy.
• Indian Economy, Vivek Singh (7th ed.) > Chapter 14: Infrastructure. Thread 1 and 8 (Wings India 2026 and Bharat Electricity Summit).. Regional Connectivity Scheme (RCS-UDAN) and AAI functions.
• Environment, Shankar IAS (10th ed.) > Chapter 22: Renewable Energy. Thread 1 and 6 (ISA Assembly and Green Economy Summit).. International Solar Alliance (ISA) structure and objectives.

Revision Bullets

• Kautilya Economic Conclave 2025 Theme: 'Seeking Prosperity in Turbulent Times'.
• Wings India 2026 Location: Begumpet Airport, Hyderabad.
• ESTIC: Replaces the Indian Science Congress; first edition Nov 3-4, 2025.
• ISA 8th Assembly: Oct 27–30, 2025, at Bharat Mandapam, New Delhi.
• Supercomputing India 2025: Organized by C-DAC in Bengaluru (Dec 9-13).
• CSR Law: India was the first nation to mandate 2% CSR spending in 2014.
• Bharat International Rice Conference (BIRC) 2025: Oct 30–31, Bharat Mandapam.

Sub-Themes and News Coverage (10 themes, 42 news items)

Strategic Sectoral Summits for National Development (2025-2026)

Focus: A series of high-level conferences and exhibitions focusing on specific strategic sectors (Steel, Energy, Aviation, Agriculture) to drive India's economic and sustainability goals.

UPSC Value: Demonstrates the government's sector-specific approach to achieving the 'Viksit Bharat' vision through targeted global summits and industry collaboration.

8 news items in this theme:

• 2026-02-05 [Environment & Ecology] — TERI Pre-Event Press Conference for World Sustainable Development Summit 2026
  The Energy and Resources Institute (TERI) convened a Pre-Event Press Conference for the World Sustainable Development Summit (WSDS) 2026 (Silver Jubilee Edition) scheduled to be held from 25–27 February 2026. The summit aims to outline India's priorities in advancing climate action, sustainable development, and global cooperation.
  More details

  UPSC Angle: TERI Pre-Event Press Conference for World Sustainable Development Summit 2026.

  Key Facts:

  • Event: World Sustainable Development Summit (WSDS) 2026 (Silver Jubilee Edition)
  • Organizer: The Energy and Resources Institute (TERI)
  • Dates: February 25–27, 2026
  • Location: India Habitat Centre, New Delhi (Press Conference)
  • Theme: परिवर्तन | Transformations: Vision, Voices, and Values
• 2026-01-29 [Economy] — Wings India 2026 to be held in Hyderabad
  Wings India 2026, Asia's largest civil aviation event, will be held in January 2026 at Begumpet Airport, Hyderabad. The theme is “Indian Aviation: Paving the Future – From Design to Deployment, Manufacturing to Maintenance, Inclusivity to Innovation and Safety to Sustainability”. It promotes regional air connectivity, the core objective of the UDAN scheme.
  More details

  UPSC Angle: Wings India 2026, Asia's largest civil aviation event, to be held in Hyderabad.

  Key Facts:

  • To be held in January 2026 at Begumpet Airport, Hyderabad
  • Asia's largest civil aviation event
  • Theme: “Indian Aviation: Paving the Future – From Design to Deployment, Manufacturing to Maintenance, Inclusivity to Innovation and Safety to Sustainability”
  • Promotes regional air connectivity
• 2026-01-21 [Economy] — Bharat Electricity Summit 2026
  The Bharat Electricity Summit 2026, a global conference-cum-exhibition for the power and electricity sector, will be held from March 19-22, 2026, in New Delhi. The theme is “Electrifying Growth. Empowering Sustainability. Connecting Globally”.
  More details

  UPSC Angle: Not exam-relevant

  Key Facts:

  • To be held from 19th to 22nd March 2026 at New Delhi
  • Theme: “Electrifying Growth. Empowering Sustainability. Connecting Globally”
• 2026-01-20 [Economy] — Bharat Steel 2026 and Viksit Bharat 2047
  Bharat Steel 2026 reinforces the Prime Minister's vision of Viksit Bharat 2047, emphasizing self-reliance, technological sophistication, and global industrial leadership. Steel is positioned as a strategic enabler of economic resilience, energy transition, defence preparedness, and infrastructure modernization.
  More details

  UPSC Angle: Bharat Steel 2026 emphasizes self-reliance and technological sophistication.

  Key Facts:

  • Bharat Steel 2026 reinforces Viksit Bharat 2047 vision
  • Emphasizes self-reliance, technological sophistication, and global industrial leadership
  • Steel as a strategic enabler of economic resilience, energy transition, defence preparedness, and infrastructure modernization
• 2025-11-23 [Agriculture] — Sixth International Agronomy Congress in New Delhi
  The Sixth International Agronomy Congress will begin in New Delhi on November 24, 2025. The Agriculture and Farmers' Welfare Minister Shivraj Singh Chouhan will inaugurate IAC-2025. More than one thousand global delegates are expected to participate in the Congress.
  More details

  UPSC Angle: Not exam-relevant

  Key Facts:

  • The Sixth International Agronomy Congress will begin in New Delhi on November 24, 2025
  • IAC-2025 will be inaugurated by the Agriculture and Farmers' Welfare Minister Shivraj Singh Chouhan
  • More than one thousand global delegates are expected to participate in the Congress
• 2025-10-09 [International Relations] — 8th International Solar Alliance (ISA) Assembly
  India will host the 8th International Solar Alliance (ISA) Assembly from October 27–30, 2025, at Bharat Mandapam, New Delhi. The ISA is a global intergovernmental organization that promotes solar energy deployment worldwide to ensure energy access, energy security, and climate resilience. It serves as a collaborative platform for governments, industry, and financial institutions to accelerate the solar transition in developing nations.
  More details

  UPSC Angle: India to host 8th International Solar Alliance (ISA) Assembly.

  Key Facts:

  • India to host the 8th International Solar Alliance (ISA) Assembly from October 27–30, 2025
  • Venue: Bharat Mandapam, New Delhi
  • ISA promotes solar energy deployment worldwide
  • ISA headquarters: Gurugram, India
  • ISA was a joint initiative by India and France during the COP21 Climate Summit in Paris
  • ISA has 124 member and signatory countries, including over 90 full members
• 2025-08-15 [Economy] — Bharat Steel 2026 Logo, Brochure and Website Launched
  Union Minister H.D. Kumaraswamy launched the official logo, brochure, and website of 'Bharat Steel 2026'. The unveiling took place at Vigyan Bhawan, New Delhi.
  More details

  UPSC Angle: Not exam-relevant

  Key Facts:

  • Bharat Steel 2026
  • Logo, brochure, website launched
  • Union Minister H.D. Kumaraswamy
  • Vigyan Bhawan, New Delhi
• 2025-07-23 [Defense & Security] — Shipbuilding Seminar on Nation Building
  The Warship Design Bureau (WDB) is hosting a one-day 'Shipbuilding Seminar on Nation Building Through Shipbuilding' in New Delhi.
  More details

  UPSC Angle: Not exam-relevant

  Key Facts:

  • Warship Design Bureau (WDB)
  • Shipbuilding Seminar on Nation Building Through Shipbuilding
  • Manekshaw Centre, New Delhi
  • July 23, 2025

The 2025 BRICS Presidency Cycle in Brazil

Focus: A collection of ministerial meetings, policy dialogues, and the 17th Summit held specifically under Brazil's presidency throughout 2025.

UPSC Value: Useful for understanding the specific outcomes and ministerial tracks (Agriculture, Industry, Policy) of the 2025 Brazil cycle preceding India's term.

7 news items in this theme:

• 2025-07-07 [International Relations] — PM Modi participates in the 17th BRICS Summit in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
  Prime Minister Narendra Modi participated in the 17th BRICS Summit in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, where leaders discussed global governance reform, enhancing the voice of the Global South, and the role of Artificial Intelligence. Modi reaffirmed India's commitment to supporting developing countries through climate finance and technology access, while advocating for reforms in global institutions like the UNSC, IMF, and World Bank.
  More details

  UPSC Angle: 17th BRICS Summit discussed global governance reform and the Global South.

  Key Facts:

  • The 17th BRICS Summit took place in Brazil.
  • PM Modi addressed the summit on 'Strengthening Multilateralism, Economic-Financial Affairs, and Artificial Intelligence'.
  • The BRICS Leaders' Declaration addressed cross-border terrorism and global governance reforms.
  • PM Modi called for greater representation of the Global South in global institutions.
  • The summit theme was “Reforming Global Governance for a Multipolar World”.
  • 17th BRICS Summit held in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil on July 6-7, 2025
  • Discussions on reform of global governance
  • Emphasis on enhancing the voice of the Global South
  • Discussions on peace and security, strengthening multilateralism, development issues, and Artificial Intelligence
  • Prime Minister reaffirmed India's commitment to enhancing the voice of the Global South
  • Call for urgent reform of global governance institutions such as the UN Security Council, IMF, World Bank, and WTO
• 2025-07-07 [International Relations] — BRICS Summit Challenges Western Hegemony, Focuses on Global South
  The BRICS summit in Rio de Janeiro issued a joint declaration challenging Western dominance in international trade and governance, advocating for greater transparency and cooperation among Global South nations. The declaration calls for reforms in the UN Security Council and supports a larger role for India and Brazil in the UN.
  More details

  UPSC Angle: BRICS summit challenges Western hegemony, focuses on Global South cooperation.

  Key Facts:

  • BRICS joint declaration of over 16,000 words
  • BRICS challenges western hegemony
  • Focus on cooperation among Global South nations
  • Call for comprehensive reform of the UN Security Council
  • Support for India's and Brazil's aspirations for a greater role in the UN Security Council
  • Support for multilateral institutions like WHO and WTO
  • Concerns about unilateral tariff and non-tariff measures inconsistent with WTO rules
• 2025-06-26 [International Relations] — India Joins BRICS Statement on Iran Strikes
  India joined other BRICS nations in expressing "grave concern" over military strikes against Iran since June 13, 2025, citing violations of international law and the UN Charter. The statement emphasized the urgent need to break the cycle of violence and restore peace, while also expressing concern over attacks against peaceful nuclear installations. PM Narendra Modi is expected to travel to Rio de Janeiro for the BRICS summit on July 5-6.
  More details

  UPSC Angle: India joins BRICS statement expressing concern over strikes against Iran.

  Key Facts:

  • BRICS expressed “grave concern” over the “military strikes against Iran” since June 13, 2025.
  • Strikes against the Islamic Republic of Iran constitute a violation of international law and the Charter of the United Nations.
  • Express serious concern over any attacks against peaceful nuclear installations that are carried out in violation of international law and relevant resolutions of the International Atomic Energy Agency.
  • PM Narendra Modi is expected to travel to Rio de Janeiro for the BRICS summit on July 5-6.
• 2025-06-09 [International Relations] — BRICS Parliamentary Forum
  The 11th BRICS Parliamentary Forum concluded in Brasilia, Brazil and India was entrusted with hosting the 12th BRICS Parliamentary Forum next year. Lok Sabha Speaker Om Birla was formally handed over the chairmanship. India stressed the need for joint efforts to curb financial support to terrorist organizations, enhance intelligence sharing, prevent the misuse of emerging technologies, and promote cooperation in investigation and judicial processes.
  More details

  UPSC Angle: India to host 12th BRICS Parliamentary Forum next year.

  Key Facts:

  • Event: 11th BRICS Parliamentary Forum
  • Location: Brasilia, Brazil
  • India to host: 12th BRICS Parliamentary Forum
  • Lok Sabha Speaker: Om Birla (handed over chairmanship)
  • India stressed: Joint efforts to curb financial support to terrorist organizations
• 2025-05-27 [International Relations] — India Emphasizes MSMEs at 9th BRICS Industry Ministers' Meeting
  India participated in the 9th BRICS Industry Ministers' Meeting in Brasília, emphasizing the crucial role of Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) in its economy. India highlighted that MSMEs employ 25 crore people and contribute significantly to exports, with 5.93 crore registered MSMEs accounting for 45.73% of exports in 2023–24. India advocated for the recognition of MSMEs as a pillar of industrial resilience and growth globally.
  More details

  UPSC Angle: India emphasizes MSMEs at 9th BRICS Industry Ministers' Meeting.

  Key Facts:

  • 9th BRICS Industry Ministers' Meeting was held on 21st May 2025 in Itamaraty Palace, Brasília, Brazil.
  • The theme was “Strengthening Global South Cooperation for More Inclusive and Sustainable Governance”.
  • Participants included BRICS+ (Brazil, Russia, India, China, South Africa, Egypt, Ethiopia, Iran, Indonesia, Saudi Arabia, UAE).
  • India introduced the BRICS Startup Knowledge Hub on 31st Jan 2025.
  • India emphasized that MSMEs employ 25 crore people.
  • 5.93 crore registered MSMEs accounted for 45.73% of exports in 2023–24.
• 2025-04-15 [International Relations] — Union Minister to Attend 15th BRICS Agriculture Ministers Meeting in Brazil
  Union Minister Shri Shivraj Singh Chouhan will lead the Indian delegation to the 15th BRICS Agriculture Ministers' Meeting in Brasilia, Brazil on April 17, 2025. The meeting will focus on promoting inclusive and sustainable agriculture through cooperation, innovation, and equitable trade among BRICS countries.
  More details

  UPSC Angle: Union Minister to attend 15th BRICS Agriculture Ministers' Meeting.

  Key Facts:

  • 15th BRICS Agriculture Ministers' Meeting (AMM) on April 17, 2025 in Brasilia, Brazil.
  • Theme: “Promoting Inclusive and Sustainable Agriculture through Cooperation, Innovation, and Equitable Trade among BRICS Countries”.
  • Attendees: Agriculture Ministers and senior officials from BRICS member countries, including Brazil, Russia, India, China, South Africa, Saudi Arabia, Egypt, United Arab Emirates, Ethiopia, Indonesia, and Iran.
• 2025-03-25 [International Relations] — 10th BRICS Policy Planning Dialogue
  The 10th BRICS Policy Planning Dialogue was held in Brasilia, with discussions focusing on global geopolitical issues, regional developments, and the institutional development of BRICS, especially after its recent expansion. The Indian delegation was led by Mr. Raghuram S, Joint Secretary (Policy Planning & Research), MEA.
  More details

  UPSC Angle: 10th BRICS Policy Planning Dialogue focused on global geopolitical issues.

  Key Facts:

  • 10th BRICS Policy Planning Dialogue held on March 24-25, 2025, in Brasilia
  • India's delegation led by Mr. Raghuram S, Joint Secretary (Policy Planning & Research), MEA
  • Discussions included global health cooperation, international trade and finance, climate action, AI governance, and reforms of multilateral peace and security frameworks
  • Brazil hosted the dialogue as part of preparations for the BRICS Summit later in 2025

Strategic Science and Technology Forums in India (2025-2026)

Focus: A series of major conferences, conclaves, and symposia hosted in India aimed at advancing scientific discourse, ranging from policy reforms and international diplomacy to niche technical outreach.

UPSC Value: Highlights the shift in India's scientific governance towards specialized, innovation-driven forums (like ESTIC and Supercomputing India) and the localization of technical knowledge.

5 news items in this theme:

• 2026-02-22 [Science & Technology] — National Tamil Science Conference 2026 Concludes in Chennai
  The National Tamil Science Conference (NTSC–2026) concluded in Chennai, focusing on "Sustainable Development through Science and Technology". The conference featured lectures, scientific paper presentations, and discussions in Tamil, with evaluation by 36 judges.
  More details

  UPSC Angle: National Tamil Science Conference 2026 focused on sustainable development.

  Key Facts:

  • National Tamil Science Conference (NTSC–2026) concluded in Chennai
  • Focal theme: Sustainable Development through Science and Technology
  • Inaugurated on 20 February 2026
  • Jointly organized by Arivial Sangam and CSIR-Structural Engineering Research Centre
  • Scientific evaluation conducted by 36 judges
• 2026-01-07 [Society & Culture] — Abhyuday-3: Technical Hindi Symposium
  The 3rd Technical Hindi Symposium (Takniki Hindi Sangoshthi), Abhyuday-3, was organized at the Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Indore. It was jointly organized by IIT Indore, IIT Jodhpur and the CSIR-National Institute of Science Communication and Policy Research (CSIR–NIScPR). The aim is to promote the use of Technical Hindi and to strengthen the outreach of science and technology to wider sections of society.
  More details

  UPSC Angle: Abhyuday-3: Technical Hindi Symposium organized at IIT Indore.

  Key Facts:

  • 3rd Technical Hindi Symposium (Takniki Hindi Sangoshthi)
  • Organized at IIT Indore
  • Jointly organized by IIT Indore, IIT Jodhpur and the CSIR-National Institute of Science Communication and Policy Research (CSIR–NIScPR)
  • Aim: To promote the use of Technical Hindi and to strengthen the outreach of science and technology to wider sections of society
• 2025-12-09 [Science & Technology] — Supercomputing India 2025 Conference in Bengaluru
  The Supercomputing India 2025 (SCI2025) conference, the inaugural edition of the Supercomputing International Conference series in India, will be held in Bengaluru from December 9-13, 2025. Organized by C-DAC, the conference focuses on HPC, AI, and Quantum Computing. S Krishnan, Secretary of Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology, announced that India will commission a 30 petaflop supercomputer in Bangalore.
  More details

  UPSC Angle: Not exam-relevant

  Key Facts:

  • Supercomputing India 2025 (SCI2025) held in Bengaluru, December 9-13, 2025
  • Organized by C-DAC
  • Theme: Powering the Future through HPC, AI, and Quantum
  • India to commission a 30 petaflop supercomputer in Bangalore
  • S Krishnan, Secretary of Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology announced the commissioning
• 2025-09-06 [Science & Technology] — Indian Science Congress replaced by Emerging Science, Technology and Innovation Conclave (ESTIC)
  The Indian Science Congress has been replaced by the Emerging Science, Technology and Innovation Conclave (ESTIC), with its first edition scheduled for November 3-4, 2025, in New Delhi. Organized by the DST in collaboration with all science-related ministries, ESTIC aims to become India's leading forum for advancing innovation-driven research. The transition signals a move toward a more structured, innovation-driven forum aligned with national priorities like Viksit Bharat 2047.
  More details

  UPSC Angle: Indian Science Congress replaced by ESTIC.

  Key Facts:

  • Indian Science Congress has been replaced by the Emerging Science, Technology and Innovation Conclave (ESTIC)
  • First ESTIC to be held November 3-4, 2025 in New Delhi
  • Organized by the DST in collaboration with all science-related ministries
  • ESTIC aims to become India's leading forum for advancing innovation-driven research
  • 11 technical sessions will focus on frontier areas such as space, biotechnology, deep-tech, and renewable energy
• 2025-06-16 [Science & Technology] — India Hosts ITU Meeting, Seeks Continued Membership
  India hosted the 3rd meeting of the International Telecommunication Union (ITU) Focus Group on Artificial Intelligence Native for Networks in New Delhi. India proposed to host the ITU Plenipotentiary Conference 2030 (ITU PP-30) and seeks continued membership in the ITU Council for 2027-2031. India nominated M. Revathi for the position of Director, ITU Radiocommunication Bureau (BR) (2027–2030).
  More details

  UPSC Angle: India hosts ITU meeting on AI for networks.

  Key Facts:

  • 3rd ITU FG-AINN meeting held in New Delhi
  • India proposed to host ITU PP-30
  • Seeks ITU Council membership for 2027-2031
  • M. Revathi nominated for Director, ITU Radiocommunication Bureau (BR) (2027–2030)

India's Strategic and Economic Diplomacy at Global Summits (2025-2026)

Focus: High-level Indian representation (Central and State) at major international economic forums (BRICS, G20, WEF) with a focus on trade, critical minerals, and energy transition.

UPSC Value: Demonstrates India's multi-layered engagement in global economic governance, linking national priorities (G20) with state-level aspirations (Jharkhand at WEF) in sectors like critical minerals.

4 news items in this theme:

• 2026-01-22 [International Relations] — World Economic Forum (WEF) Annual Meeting 2026
  The 56th Annual Meeting of the World Economic Forum was held in Davos, Switzerland, from January 19 to 23, 2026, bringing together global leaders to address shared global challenges. The theme of the meeting was 'A Spirit of Dialogue', providing an impartial platform for leaders. The WEF serves as an ideas-exchange forum, not a formal trade negotiation platform.
  More details

  UPSC Angle: World Economic Forum Annual Meeting 2026 in Davos.

  Key Facts:

  • The 56th Annual Meeting of the World Economic Forum was held in Davos, Switzerland from January 19 to 23, 2026.
  • The theme of the meeting was 'A Spirit of Dialogue'.
  • The WEF was founded in 1971 by Klaus Schwab.
  • The WEF headquarters is located in Geneva, Switzerland.
• 2026-01-09 [Economy] — Jharkhand to Participate in World Economic Forum in Davos
  Jharkhand Chief Minister Hemant Soren will attend the World Economic Forum (WEF) Annual Meeting in Davos, Switzerland, in January 2026, marking the state's first participation. Jharkhand will focus on opportunities in resource governance, sustainable industry, critical minerals, energy transition, tourism, and investment, under the theme “Growth in Harmony with Nature”.
  More details

  UPSC Angle: Not exam-relevant

  Key Facts:

  • Jharkhand participation: World Economic Forum (WEF) Annual Meeting in Davos, January 2026
  • First participation for Jharkhand
  • Focus areas: Resource governance, sustainable industry, critical minerals, energy transition, tourism, and investment
  • Theme: “Growth in Harmony with Nature”
  • Marks 25 years of Jharkhand statehood
• 2025-11-19 [International Relations] — PM Modi to attend G20 Leaders' Summit in South Africa
  Prime Minister Narendra Modi will be visiting Johannesburg, South Africa on 21-23 November 2025 to attend the 20th G20 Leaders' Summit being hosted by the Republic of South Africa. At the Summit, Prime Minister will put forth India's perspectives on the G20 agenda. Prime Minister will also be participating in the India-Brazil-South Africa (IBSA) Leaders' Meeting being hosted by South Africa.
  More details

  UPSC Angle: Not exam-relevant

  Key Facts:

  • Prime Minister Shri Narendra Modi will be visiting Johannesburg, South Africa on 21-23 November, 2025 to attend the 20th G20 Leaders' Summit.
  • Prime Minister is expected to speak in all the three sessions of the Summit. These sessions are on: i. Inclusive and Sustainable Economic Growth Leaving No One Behind : Building our economies; the role of trade; financing for development and the debt burden ii. A Resilient World – the G20's Contribution: Disaster Risk Reduction; Climate Change; Just Energy Transitions; Food Systems iii. A Fair and a Just Future for All: Critical Minerals; Decent Work; Artificial Intelligence.
  • Prime Minister will also be participating in the India-Brazil-South Africa (IBSA) Leaders' Meeting being hosted by South Africa.
• 2025-08-23 [International Relations] — Lavrov and Jaishankar Meet at BRICS Summit
  On August 23, 2025, Foreign Minister Sergey Lavrov met with Indian counterpart Subrahmanyam Jaishankar in South Africa during the BRICS summit. They discussed bilateral and international issues, cooperation in the UN, G20, and BRICS, and practical steps to expand trade, economic, logistics, and financial cooperation. Lavrov congratulated India on the successful Moon landing.
  More details

  UPSC Angle: Not exam-relevant

  Key Facts:

  • Meeting date: August 23, 2025
  • Location: South Africa
  • Attendees: Sergey Lavrov and Subrahmanyam Jaishankar
  • Forum: BRICS summit

Specialized Agricultural Industry Conferences (Late 2025)

Focus: Major international exhibitions and conferences held in late 2025 focusing on specific agricultural sub-sectors (Horticulture, Rice, and Agri-Tech).

UPSC Value: Highlights the sector-specific approach to agricultural modernization, technology adoption, and trade promotion.

3 news items in this theme:

• 2025-12-08 [Agriculture] — Farm-Tech India 2025 in Indore
  Farm-Tech India 2025, an international exhibition and conference on agriculture, horticulture, and dairy technology, is taking place in Indore, Madhya Pradesh. The event aims to showcase innovations, technologies, and best practices in Indian farming and agri-business. Madhya Pradesh is a leading agricultural state, ranking #1 in Soybean & Pulses Production and #2 in Wheat Production.
  More details

  UPSC Angle: Not exam-relevant

  Key Facts:

  • Farm-Tech India 2025 Date: 08-10 November 2025.
  • Location: Labhganga Exhibition Center, Indore, Madhya Pradesh.
  • Madhya Pradesh: #1 in Soybean & Pulses Production, #2 in Wheat Production.
• 2025-10-30 [Agriculture] — Bharat International Rice Conference (BIRC) 2025 Announcement
  The Ministry of Commerce & Industry announced the Bharat International Rice Conference (BIRC) 2025, which will be held on October 30–31, 2025, at Bharat Mandapam, Pragati Maidan, New Delhi. The event aims to showcase India's leadership in the global rice trade and promote sustainable, inclusive, and innovation-driven growth in the rice sector.
  More details

  UPSC Angle: Bharat International Rice Conference (BIRC) 2025 to be held in Delhi.

  Key Facts:

  • Bharat International Rice Conference (BIRC) 2025
  • Dates: October 30–31, 2025
  • Location: Bharat Mandapam, Pragati Maidan, New Delhi
  • Announced by: Ministry of Commerce & Industry
• 2025-09-27 [Agriculture] — HortiConnect India 2025
  HortiConnect India 2025, held from September 25–27 at the Bengaluru International Exhibition Center, is a global gathering for the horticulture industry. It showcases innovations in greenhouse technology, precision irrigation, seed development, post-harvest management, and sustainable practices.
  More details

  UPSC Angle: Not exam-relevant

  Key Facts:

  • Event: HortiConnect India 2025
  • Date: September 25–27, 2025
  • Location: Bengaluru International Exhibition Center

2025 New Delhi Sectoral Policy Conclaves

Focus: A series of high-profile 'conclave' format events held in New Delhi throughout 2025, bringing together government officials, industry leaders, and experts to formulate roadmaps for technology, economics, and defence.

UPSC Value: Highlights the institutional role of multi-stakeholder summits in the national capital for shaping India's sectoral policies and public-private partnerships.

3 news items in this theme:

• 2025-11-22 [Defense & Security] — Indian Defence Conclave 2025 in New Delhi
  The Indian Defence Conclave 2025, organized by TraiCon Events, will be held on November 20th & 21st, 2025, in New Delhi. The conclave will gather 250+ senior-level defence professionals, government officials, policy makers, technology providers, and global defence experts to discuss the future of India's defence capabilities.
  More details

  UPSC Angle: Not exam-relevant

  Key Facts:

  • Indian Defence Conclave 2025
  • November 20th & 21st, 2025
  • New Delhi
  • TraiCon Events
• 2025-09-27 [Economy] — Kautilya Economic Conclave 2025
  The 4th Kautilya Economic Conclave (KEC 2025) will be held in New Delhi from October 3-5, 2025, with the theme 'Seeking Prosperity in Turbulent Times'. Union Finance Minister Nirmala Sitharaman will inaugurate the event, and External Affairs Minister S. Jaishankar will close it. The conclave will address various economic challenges and opportunities, blending domestic priorities with global perspectives.
  More details

  UPSC Angle: Not exam-relevant

  Key Facts:

  • The 4th Kautilya Economic Conclave (KEC) 2025 will be held from October 3-5, 2025, at the Taj Palace, New Delhi.
  • The theme is 'Seeking Prosperity in Turbulent Times'.
  • Union Minister Nirmala Sitharaman will inaugurate the conclave.
  • Union Minister S. Jaishankar will close the proceedings.
  • 75 participants from abroad, representing over 30 countries.
  • Shri Jyotiraditya Scindia will lead a session on 'Communications: Emerging Technologies'.
  • Dr. P. K. Mishra will chair a plenary on global macroeconomic prudence.
  • Union Minister for Finance and Corporate Affairs Smt. Nirmala Sitharaman will inaugurate the Fourth edition of the Kautilya Economic Conclave (KEC 2025) on 3rd October 2025, in New Delhi.
  • Union Minister for External Affairs Dr. S. Jaishankar will close the proceedings on 5th October 2025.
  • The theme for 2025 is “Seeking Prosperity in Turbulent Times”.
• 2025-06-28 [Science & Technology] — CSC TechVerse Conclave showcases advanced technologies in New Delhi
  The CSC TechVerse conclave, organized by C-DAC, SAMEER, and C-MET under the Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology (MeitY), is being held on June 27-28, 2025, in New Delhi. The event showcases technologies developed by these organizations, including semiconductors, quantum computing, and AI.
  More details

  UPSC Angle: CSC TechVerse Conclave showcases technologies by C-DAC, SAMEER, C-MET.

  Key Facts:

  • CSC TechVerse conclave
  • C-DAC
  • SAMEER
  • C-MET
  • Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology (MeitY)
  • June 27-28, 2025
  • New Delhi
  • Semiconductors
  • Quantum
  • High Performance Computing (HPC)
  • Smart IoT
  • Digital India RISC-V
  • Artificial Intelligence

2025 Corporate Sustainability and ESG Policy Summits

Focus: Major conferences held in 2025 focusing on the institutionalization of ESG, CSR, and green economy principles within the corporate sector.

UPSC Value: Understanding the evolving landscape of corporate governance and the shift towards sustainable development goals (SDGs) in business policy is crucial for the Economy and Environment papers.

3 news items in this theme:

• 2025-11-08 [Society & Culture] — South India's largest CSR Summit in Hyderabad
  Hyderabad is hosting South India's largest Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) Summit on November 8, 2025, bringing together corporate leaders, policymakers, and development experts to discuss sustainable development and social innovation. The summit aims to showcase innovative CSR projects and foster collaboration for inclusive and sustainable growth.
  More details

  UPSC Angle: Not exam-relevant

  Key Facts:

  • The CSR Summit will be held on November 8, 2025 in Hyderabad.
  • The summit will focus on sustainable development and social innovation.
• 2025-10-04 [International Relations] — World Green Economy Summit 2025
  The World Green Economy Summit 2025 was held in Dubai.
  More details

  UPSC Angle: World Green Economy Summit 2025 held in Dubai.

  Key Facts:

  • World Green Economy Summit 2025 held in Dubai
• 2025-07-03 [Economy] — National Conference on Responsible Business Conduct Concludes
  The National Conference on Responsible Business Conduct (NCRBC) 2025, organized by the Indian Institute of Corporate Affairs (IICA), concluded, emphasizing the institutionalization of ESG principles across various sectors and geographies to align with the Viksit Bharat vision.
  More details

  UPSC Angle: NCRBC 2025 emphasizes institutionalization of ESG principles and responsible conduct.

  Key Facts:

  • NCRBC 2025: Organized by the Indian Institute of Corporate Affairs (IICA) under the Ministry of Corporate Affairs
  • Conclusion Date: July 3, 2025
  • Venue: Taj Palace, New Delhi

Promotion of the Startup and Entrepreneurial Ecosystem

Focus: Events and global observances in 2025 focused on networking, investment, and institutional support for startups and entrepreneurs.

UPSC Value: Relevant for discussing the 'Startup India' initiative and the role of public-private networking in driving economic growth and innovation.

3 news items in this theme:

• 2025-11-08 [Economy] — Global Startup Summit in Chennai
  The Global Startup Summit, co-powered by BOS Global ERP, is scheduled for November 8, 2025, at the Holiday Inn Chennai OMR IT, expecting 450 delegates, 45+ expert speakers, and 25+ investors. The summit aims to provide insights from industry leaders and networking opportunities.
  More details

  UPSC Angle: Not exam-relevant

  Key Facts:

  • The Global Startup Summit will be held on November 8th, 2025 in Chennai.
  • The event is co-powered by BOS Global ERP.
• 2025-08-21 [Society & Culture] — World Entrepreneurs' Day 2025
  World Entrepreneurs' Day 2025, celebrated on August 21, honors the vision, innovation, and resilience of entrepreneurs who drive economic growth, create jobs, and spark societal progress. Observed in 170+ countries, the day raises awareness about entrepreneurship, promotes education, and encourages support for startups through events, campaigns, and networking initiatives.
  More details

  UPSC Angle: Not exam-relevant

  Key Facts:

  • Celebrated on August 21.
  • Observed in 170+ countries.
• 2025-04-03 [Economy] — Startup Mahakumbh 2025 Inaugurated
  The second edition of Startup Mahakumbh at Bharat Mandapam was inaugurated by Union Commerce and Industry Minister Shri Piyush Goyal and will continue from April 3-5, 2025. The focal theme is 'Startup India @ 2047—Unfolding the Bharat Story'.
  More details

  UPSC Angle: Startup Mahakumbh 2025 inaugurated; focal theme is 'Startup to Unicorn'.

  Key Facts:

  • Startup Mahakumbh 2nd edition
  • Inaugurated by Shri Piyush Goyal
  • April 3-5, 2025
  • Bharat Mandapam
  • Focal theme: Startup India @ 2047—Unfolding the Bharat Story

India's 2025 Strategic and Technical Forum Engagements

Focus: National and international conferences held in India or focused on US-India bilateral relations to advance scientific, technical, and management cooperation.

UPSC Value: Highlights India's role as a host for international standards bodies and its focus on domestic innovation and bilateral strategic partnerships.

3 news items in this theme:

• 2025-10-07 [International Relations] — US-India Conference Held in Santa Clara
  The 8th US-India Conference, co-hosted by the All India Management Association (AIMA) and UC Santa Cruz, took place on October 7, 2025, at the UC Santa Cruz' Silicon Valley Campus in Santa Clara. The conference aimed to explore strategies for US–India cooperation in a fast-changing global landscape.
  More details

  UPSC Angle: 8th US-India Conference held in Santa Clara.

  Key Facts:

  • 8th US-India Conference held on October 7, 2025
  • Location: UC Santa Cruz Silicon Valley Campus, Santa Clara
  • Co-hosts: AIMA and UC Santa Cruz
• 2025-09-15 [International Relations] — India to Host IEC General Meeting
  India will host the 89th General Meeting of the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) from September 15-19, 2025, in New Delhi.
  More details

  UPSC Angle: India to host IEC General Meeting; promotes international cooperation in electrotechnology.

  Key Facts:

  • India
  • 89th
  • General Meeting
  • International Electrotechnical Commission
  • IEC
  • September 15-19, 2025
  • New Delhi
  • Bharat Mandapam
• 2025-06-30 [Schemes & Programs] — INSPIRE Awards Meeting Held in New Delhi
  A State Nodal Officers Meeting for the INSPIRE - MANAK program, which encourages innovation in science among students aged 10-17, was held in New Delhi on June 30, 2025. The meeting focused on motivating students in classes 6 to 12 to pursue research and innovation.
  More details

  UPSC Angle: INSPIRE - MANAK program encourages innovation in science among students.

  Key Facts:

  • State Nodal Officers Meeting
  • INSPIRE – MANAK program
  • June 30, 2025
  • India International Centre, New Delhi
  • Innovation in Science Pursuit for Inspired Research (INSPIRE)
  • Department of Science & Technology (DST)
  • National Innovation Foundation – India (NIF)
  • Autonomous body of DST
  • Students in the age group of 10-17 years
  • Classes 6 to 12

International Technology and Strategic Summits Hosted in India

Focus: High-level international summits hosted in major Indian cities focusing on specialized domains like emerging technology, cybersecurity, and space exploration.

UPSC Value: Analyzes India's growing stature as a global hub for scientific diplomacy and its leadership in hosting multilateral dialogues on technology and security.

3 news items in this theme:

• 2025-08-01 [Defense & Security] — Security Summit - Bangalore
  Security Summit India, which unites cybersecurity leaders, AI innovators, and enterprise security teams, is scheduled to take place in Bangalore on August 1, 2025. The summit will explore trends in cyber defense, generative AI security, risk management, and digital resilience.
  More details

  UPSC Angle: Not exam-relevant

  Key Facts:

  • Security Summit India
  • Bangalore
  • August 1, 2025
• 2025-05-08 [Science & Technology] — Global Space Exploration Conference (GLEX) 2025
  India is hosting the 12th Global Space Exploration Conference (GLEX 2025) in New Delhi from May 7 to 9, 2025. The event's theme is “Reaching New Worlds: A Space Exploration Renaissance,” emphasizing innovation, inclusivity, and international cooperation in space science. The conference represents a milestone in India's expanding global space leadership, highlighting its transition from a regional space power to a key international player.
  More details

  UPSC Angle: India hosts Global Space Exploration Conference (GLEX) 2025.

  Key Facts:

  • Host: India.
  • Location: New Delhi.
  • Dates: May 7-9, 2025.
  • Theme: “Reaching New Worlds: A Space Exploration Renaissance”.
  • Jointly organized by: International Astronautical Federation (IAF), Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO), and Astronautical Society of India (ASI).
• 2025-04-09 [International Relations] — India to host Global Technology Summit in Delhi
  India is hosting the 9th Global Technology Summit (GTS) in New Delhi from April 10-12, with the theme "Sambhavna" (Possibilities), focusing on how emerging technologies can drive inclusive growth and cross-border partnerships; the inaugural session will feature an address by External Affairs Minister S Jaishankar.
  More details

  UPSC Angle: India hosts Global Technology Summit in Delhi, theme 'Sambhavna'.

  Key Facts:

  • 9th Global Technology Summit (GTS) to be held in New Delhi from April 10-12
  • Theme: "Sambhavna" (Possibilities)
  • Organized by the Ministry of External Affairs (MEA) and Carnegie India
  • Inaugural address by External Affairs Minister S Jaishankar
  • Over 150 speakers from more than 40 countries will participate