Sectoral Roadmaps and Economic Resilience: UPSC Current Affairs Analysis & Study Strategy

In-Depth Analysis

The Big Picture

As of 2025-2026, India's economic strategy has transitioned from systemic repair to 'Strategic Resilience'. The central pillar is the 'Viksit Bharat 2047' vision, which is being operationalized through granular sectoral roadmaps. This strategy aims to insulate the Indian economy from global volatility (specifically the 2025 'Tariff Shocks') by building 'Sovereign Capacity' in critical sectors: Specialty Steel, Advanced Chemistry Cells (ACC), and AI. The government is moving beyond broad incentives to deep-chain interventions, ensuring that domestic manufacturing is not just about assembly, but about controlling the mid-stream value chain.

Cross-Theme Insight

The 'Double-Pivot Strategy' defines this era: Internally, NITI Aayog is serving as a strategic architect, converging MSME formalization with data-driven credit access. Externally, India is leveraging its massive primary sector (agriculture) as a geopolitical bargaining chip in trade negotiations to secure high-tech transfers and energy security. This reveals that industrial policy is now indistinguishable from national security and technological autonomy, where sectoral performance (like Tourism or Cooperatives) is measured by its contribution to 'Economic Sovereignty' rather than just GDP growth.

Textbook vs Reality Gap

Standard textbooks (e.g., Vivek Singh, Nitin Singhania) define PLI as an incentive based on 'incremental sales' for sunrise sectors. However, current 2025 updates show a shift to 'PLI 2.0', which prioritizes 'supply chain depth' and 'backward integration' (e.g., specialty steel for defense). Similarly, while GST is traditionally taught as a 'destination-based consumption tax' (CAPF 2022, nid 11570), the 2025 narrative of 'GST 2.0' focuses on 'Socio-Economic Engineering'—using rate cuts (e.g., 18% to 5% on agri-machinery) and the resolution of the 'Inverted Duty Structure' (Vivek Singh, Ch 4, p. 180) to drive specific sectoral competitiveness rather than just revenue collection.

How This Theme Is Evolving

The theme has evolved from 'Relief and Reform' (2020-2022) to 'Strategic Scaling' (2025-2026). The trajectory indicates that the role of NITI Aayog has shifted from an advisory 'think tank' (CDS-I 2023, nid 13054) to an active designer of 'SITs' (State Institutions for Transformation), signaling a move toward decentralized but strategically aligned economic planning.

UPSC Exam Intelligence

Previous Year Question Pattern

UPSC has transitioned from testing the 'existence' of schemes (e.g., Atmanirbhar Bharat, CDS-II 2024, nid 14698) to testing their 'mechanical impact' and 'global context'. Recurring themes include NITI Aayog's structural objectives (CDS-I 2023, nid 13054) and the GST's impact on federalism. There is a growing focus on the 'Cooperative Sector' as a tool for rural formalization (CAPF 2025, nid 9669).

Probable Prelims Angles

• Specific incentive structures of PLI 2.0 (Criteria for 'Specialty Steel' vs. 'White Goods').
• GST 2.0 rate rationalization for agricultural inputs and healthcare services.
• Targets of the National Cooperation Policy 2025 (e.g., village coverage and GDP contribution).
• NITI Aayog's 'State Support Mission' and the role of SITs.

Mains Themes

• The role of 'Sovereign Capacity' in mitigating the fallout of global 2025 tariff regimes.
• Evaluation of the 'National Cooperation Policy 2025' in achieving rural economic formalization.
• How GST 2.0 serves as a tool for correcting the Inverted Duty Structure in manufacturing.
• The impact of the 'Double-Pivot Strategy' on India's strategic autonomy and trade negotiations.

Preparation Strategy

Key Connections

Sub-Themes and News Coverage (11 themes, 50 news items)

NITI Aayog's 2025 Sectoral Strategic Roadmaps

Focus: A series of policy frameworks and strategic reports released by NITI Aayog in 2025 aimed at diversifying India's economic drivers and optimizing specific sectors like finance, manufacturing, data, and tourism.

UPSC Value: Highlights the role of NITI Aayog as a strategic think tank in formulating evidence-based roadmaps for 'Viksit Bharat' across diverse economic pillars.

7 news items in this theme:

• 2026-02-21 [Schemes & Programs] — NITI Aayog Report on Revitalizing Apprenticeship Ecosystem
  NITI Aayog has released a policy report titled “Revitalizing Apprenticeship Ecosystem: Insights, Challenges, Recommendations and Best Practices” to promote apprenticeships as a key element for human capital development and the Viksit Bharat @2047 vision. The report provides an analysis of India's apprenticeship landscape and suggests 20 action-oriented recommendations across five pillars: policy reforms, structural strengthening, state-district interventions, industry engagement, and aspirant support. It introduces a framework for an Apprenticeship Engagement Index to benchmark performance and streamline processes.
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  UPSC Angle: NITI Aayog report aims to improve apprenticeship ecosystem.

  Key Facts:

  • Report title: “Revitalizing Apprenticeship Ecosystem: Insights, Challenges, Recommendations and Best Practices”
  • Released by: NITI Aayog
  • 20 recommendations across five pillars: policy reforms, structural strengthening, state-district interventions, industry engagement, and aspirant support
  • Gujarat leads apprenticeship engagements with 24.18% under the National Apprenticeship Promotion Scheme (NAPS) in FY 2024-25
  • Top five states for apprenticeship engagements: Gujarat, Maharashtra, Haryana, Tamil Nadu, and Karnataka
  • Viksit Bharat @2047
  • Apprenticeship Engagement Index (AEI): A novel index recommended to benchmark state and district performance
  • District Skill Committees (DSCs): To be empowered as nodal implementation anchors
  • MSMEs: Special focus on enhancing MSME participation through cluster-based consortia
  • 9.85 lakh apprenticeship engagements in FY25
  • 25.47% completion rate
  • 35.46% dropout rate
  • National Apprenticeship Mission (NAM): Proposed unified platform
• 2026-02-14 [Economy] — NITI Aayog's Roadmap for India's Tech Services Sector
  NITI Aayog's Frontier Tech Hub has released a ten-year roadmap titled “Technology Services – Reimagination Ahead“ outlining a transition for India's technology sector. The objective is to scale the sector from $265 billion to $750–850 billion by 2035, supporting the vision of Viksit Bharat 2047. The report identifies five priority areas: Agentic AI, Software and Products, Digital Infrastructure, Innovation-led Engineering, and “India-for-India” solutions.
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  UPSC Angle: NITI Aayog's roadmap outlines transition for India's technology sector.

  Key Facts:

  • NITI Aayog's Frontier Tech Hub
  • “Technology Services – Reimagination Ahead“ roadmap
  • Scale sector from $265 billion to $750–850 billion by 2035
  • Supports Viksit Bharat 2047 vision
  • Five priority areas: Agentic AI, Software and Products, Digital Infrastructure, Innovation-led Engineering, and “India-for-India” solutions
  • India's tech services contribute ~7% to India's GDP
  • Generates ~$265 billion annual revenue
  • Holds ~20% share of global tech services market
• 2025-12-13 [Economy] — NITI Aayog Releases Report on Corporate Bond Market
  NITI Aayog has released a report titled “Deepening the Corporate Bond Market in India”, examining the current state, challenges, and future roadmap for strengthening India's corporate bond market. A deep and liquid corporate bond market helps mobilise long-term capital, reducing over-reliance on bank credit and supporting economic growth.
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  UPSC Angle: NITI Aayog releases report on deepening the corporate bond market.

  Key Facts:

  • NITI Aayog released report titled “Deepening the Corporate Bond Market in India”.
  • Corporate bond market mobilises long-term capital.
  • Reduces over-reliance on bank credit.
  • Supports economic growth.
• 2025-08-23 [Economy] — NITI Aayog Report on Homestays
  NITI Aayog released a report titled 'Rethinking Homestays: Navigating Policy Pathways,' providing a framework for states to harmonize regulations and build an inclusive homestay ecosystem. The report highlights the economic potential of homestays and BnBs in driving sustainable tourism growth, aiming to boost local incomes and diversify India's tourism offerings.
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  UPSC Angle: NITI Aayog report on homestays: policy pathways for inclusive ecosystem.

  Key Facts:

  • Report title: Rethinking Homestays: Navigating Policy Pathways
  • Released by: NITI Aayog
  • Aims to harmonise regulations and build an inclusive homestay ecosystem
  • Focus on boosting local incomes and diversifying India's tourism offerings
  • NITI Aayog established on 1 January 2015
  • NITI Aayog replaced the Planning Commission
• 2025-06-25 [Polity & Governance] — NITI Aayog's India's Data Imperative Report
  NITI Aayog released its report “India's Data Imperative: The Pivot Towards Quality”, recommending urgent reforms to improve the quality of India's public data ecosystem. India's data ecosystem refers to the vast network of digital public infrastructure, platforms, and databases that power governance, welfare delivery, and financial inclusion across both public and private sectors. It integrates identity (Aadhaar), financial (UPI), health (Ayushman Bharat), and social schemes through data-driven platforms.
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  UPSC Angle: NITI Aayog's report recommends reforms to improve India's data ecosystem.

  Key Facts:

  • Report: India's Data Imperative: The Pivot Towards Quality
  • Released by: NITI Aayog
  • Focus: Improving the quality of India's public data ecosystem
  • Integrates: Aadhaar, UPI, Ayushman Bharat, and social schemes through data-driven platforms
  • NITI Aayog unveiled “India's Data Imperative” Report on June 25, 2025.
• 2025-04-18 [Economy] — NITI Aayog Report on Hand & Power Tools Sector
  NITI Aayog launched a report titled “Unlocking USD25+ Billion Export Potential – India's Hand & Power Tools Sector,” indicating India can achieve USD 25+ billion in exports within the next 10 years. This would mean capturing 25% of the global hand tools market and 10% of the global power tools market.
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  UPSC Angle: NITI Aayog report: India's hand & power tools sector export potential.

  Key Facts:

  • Report: “Unlocking USD25+ Billion Export Potential – India's Hand & Power Tools Sector”
  • Launched by: NITI Aayog
  • Export Target: USD 25+ billion in the next 10 years
  • Global hand tools market share target: 25%
  • Global power tools market share target: 10%
• 2025-03-04 [Economy] — NITI Aayog Report: Women's Role in India's Financial Growth
  NITI Aayog released a report titled “From Borrowers to Builders: Women's Role in India's Financial Growth Story,” prepared with TransUnion CIBIL and MicroSave Consulting (MSC). The report highlights women's increasing participation in the financial sector and entrepreneurship, calling for policies addressing systemic barriers and ensuring equal access to resources.
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  UPSC Angle: NITI Aayog report highlights women's role in India's financial growth.

  Key Facts:

  • NITI Aayog launched the report “From Borrowers to Builders: Women’s Role in India’s Financial Growth Story”
  • Women borrowers tripled between 2019 and 2024
  • 60% of women borrowers are from semi-urban and rural areas
  • Women’s share in business loans increased by 14%, and in gold loans by 6% since 2019
  • 27 million women monitored their credit in 2024, a 42% increase from 2023
  • More women in non-metro regions (48%) are actively monitoring credit than in metro areas (30%)
  • 62% of self-monitoring women fall into prime or above credit bands, improving credit health
  • Pradhan Mantri Mudra Yojana (PMMY): ₹2.22 lakh crore in loans disbursed to 4.24 crore women entrepreneurs in FY 2023-24
  • PM SVANidhi Yojana: ₹5,939.7 crore disbursed to 30.6 lakh women street vendors by Dec 2024
  • Udyam Registration: 40% of MSMEs in India are now women-owned
  • Report title: From Borrowers to Builders: Women's Role in India's Financial Growth Story
  • Organizations involved: NITI Aayog, TransUnion CIBIL, MicroSave Consulting (MSC)
  • Women's share in credit self-monitoring: Rose to 19.43% in December 2024, up from 17.89% in 2023
  • Growth in self-monitoring credit awareness: Higher in non-metro regions (48%) compared to metro areas (30%)
  • Top states for self-monitoring women: Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu, Karnataka, Uttar Pradesh, and Telangana (49% of all self-monitoring women)

Sectoral and Macroeconomic Fallout of 2025 Tariffs

Focus: Reports detailing the specific negative impacts of the 2025 tariff regime on specific sectors (jewellery, textiles), currency stability, and foreign investment.

UPSC Value: Provides a detailed breakdown of how trade barriers transmit shocks through specific economic channels (currency, FDI, sectoral exports) before policy resolution.

7 news items in this theme:

• 2025-12-21 [Economy] — Rupee Depreciation: Key Drivers and Outlook
  The Indian Rupee's depreciation is driven by external factors such as U.S. tariffs on Indian exports and global market volatility, as well as domestic factors like a persistent Current Account Deficit (CAD). Short-term pressure is expected due to tariffs and global uncertainty, with medium-term optimism based on an anticipated India-U.S. trade deal by early 2026 and improved capital flows.
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  UPSC Angle: Not exam-relevant

  Key Facts:

  • Rupee exchange rate: ₹91/USD
  • U.S. tariffs up to 50% on Indian exports under the Trump administration
  • Rupee may strengthen below ₹90/USD if external conditions stabilise
• 2025-12-07 [Economy] — RBI's shift in currency management
  The US imposed a 50% tariff on Indian goods leading to a 12% drop in exports. Increased gold and silver imports due to festive demand drove gold imports up by 200% adding pressure on the rupee.
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  UPSC Angle: Not exam-relevant

  Key Facts:

  • 50%
  • 12%
  • 200%
• 2025-09-28 [Economy] — Weakening Indian Rupee
  The Indian Rupee has been steadily weakening against the US Dollar in 2025, dropping to ₹88.6 per USD, an all-time low. This decline is driven by external factors and reflects India's sluggish GDP growth and stagnant exports.
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  UPSC Angle: Not exam-relevant

  Key Facts:

  • Rupee value: ₹88.6 per USD (all-time low)
  • Sluggish GDP growth
  • Stagnant exports
• 2025-09-24 [Economy] — Impact of U.S. Tariffs on India's Jewellery Sector
  India's diamond and jewellery sector has been severely impacted by U.S. tariffs of 50% on cut and polished diamonds and 50-57% on studded and non-studded jewellery, disrupting decades of established trade. In 2024-25, the U.S. was India's largest diamond importer, with exports worth ₹46,000 crore in diamonds and ₹23,000 crore in studded gold jewellery.
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  UPSC Angle: U.S. tariffs impact India's jewellery sector.

  Key Facts:

  • U.S. tariffs: 50% on cut and polished diamonds, 50-57% on studded and non-studded jewellery
  • India's diamond exports to U.S. (2024-25): ₹46,000 crore
  • India's studded gold jewellery exports to U.S. (2024-25): ₹23,000 crore
  • Employment in cut and polished diamond industry: 8.2 lakh skilled workers
• 2025-09-08 [Economy] — India's Declining Foreign Investment Amidst High GDP Growth
  Despite India's rapid GDP growth of 8.2% between 2021 and 2024, net foreign investment is declining, potentially worsening the economy due to US tariff impositions. Foreign investments are crucial for supplementing domestic savings and financing economic growth, comprising foreign investments, commercial borrowings, external assistance, and non-resident deposits.
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  UPSC Angle: Declining foreign investment in India despite high GDP growth.

  Key Facts:

  • India's GDP growth averaged 8.2% between 2021 and 2024.
  • Net capital flows fell to $18.3 billion in 2024-25.
  • Inflows in April-June 2025 were over 40% lower than the same period last year.
  • GDP growth rate
  • 8.2%
  • 2021-2024
  • net foreign investment
  • US tariffs
  • foreign investments
  • commercial borrowings
  • external assistance
  • non-resident deposits
• 2025-08-27 [Economy] — India faces potential GDP cut due to US tariffs
  The US is expected to impose a 50% tariff on some Indian goods, which could negatively impact India's exports, particularly in the textile and footwear industries. Economists anticipate that this tariff hike could lead to a reduction in India's GDP growth. India is primarily a consumption-driven economy, the government is trying to boost consumption in India.
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  UPSC Angle: US tariffs could negatively impact India's exports.

  Key Facts:

  • US is imposing 50% tariff on some Indian goods.
  • The tariffs are scheduled to take effect within the hour.
  • Textile and footwear industries are likely to be hit hard.
  • India exported some $87 billion worth exports last year.
  • That's just 2% of India's GDP.
• 2025-08-09 [Economy] — Moody's Warns of Increased Risks to India's Growth and Inflation
  Moody's rating agency said that the 50% tariff imposed by U.S. President Donald Trump is expected to increase risk to India's growth and inflation. Moody's projects that India's real GDP growth may slow by around 0.3 percentage points compared with the current forecast of 6.3% growth for fiscal 2025-26 if India continues to procure Russian oil at the expense of the headline 50% tariff rate on goods it ships to the U.S.
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  UPSC Angle: Moody's warns of increased risks to India's growth and inflation.

  Key Facts:

  • U.S. imposed a 50% tariff on India.
  • India's GDP growth may slow by 0.3 percentage points.
  • Current GDP growth forecast for fiscal 2025-26 is 6.3%.

Sectoral PLI Operational Updates (Steel, White Goods, Battery)

Focus: Administrative updates regarding the implementation cycles (reopenings, selections, MoUs) for specific heavy industry PLI sectors.

UPSC Value: Useful for tracking the implementation timeline and industry response in key strategic sectors like steel, energy storage, and consumer durables.

6 news items in this theme:

• 2026-02-24 [International Relations] — WTO to Examine India's EV and Battery Incentives
  The World Trade Organization's Dispute Settlement Body (DSB) agreed to set up a dispute panel to examine India's production-linked incentive (PLI) schemes for batteries, electric vehicles, and related sectors, following a request by China. China argues that these schemes discriminate against foreign firms and violate WTO principles. India expressed regret over China's decision, asserting that its measures are consistent with WTO obligations.
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  UPSC Angle: WTO to examine India's EV and battery PLI schemes.

  Key Facts:

  • WTO Dispute Settlement Body (DSB) to examine India's PLI schemes for batteries and EVs
  • Case filed by China: India – Measures Concerning Trade in the Automotive and Renewable Energy Technology Sectors (DS642)
  • China's claim: India's incentive schemes discriminate against foreign firms and violate WTO principles
  • India's response: Measures are consistent with WTO obligations
  • Consultations between India and China failed in November 2025 and January 2026
• 2026-01-25 [Schemes & Programs] — Advanced Chemistry Cell (ACC) PLI Scheme
  The Advanced Chemistry Cell Production Linked Incentive (ACC-PLI) scheme, launched in October 2021, aims to boost domestic manufacturing of next-generation battery cells, setting up 50 gigawatt hour (GWh) of battery cell manufacturing capacity by 2026. With a total financial outlay of Rs. 18,100 crore, the scheme intends to develop a complete battery supply chain and generate over one million jobs.
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  UPSC Angle: ACC-PLI scheme aims to boost domestic manufacturing of next-generation battery cells.

  Key Facts:

  • Aims to establish 50 GWh of battery cell manufacturing capacity by 2026
  • Minimum investment required: Rs. 1,100 crore
  • Phased domestic value-addition targets: 25% within two years, 60% within five years
  • Maximum subsidy of about Rs. 2,000 per kilowatt-hour
  • Total financial outlay of Rs. 18,100 crore
  • Launched in October 2021 by the Ministry of Heavy Industries
  • Launched in October 2021.
  • Aims to set up 50 GWh of battery cell manufacturing capacity by 2026.
  • Total financial outlay: Rs. 18,100 crore.
  • Minimum investment of Rs. 1,100 crore required.
  • Phased domestic value-addition targets: 25% within two years and 60% within five years.
• 2026-01-24 [Economy] — PLI Scheme for White Goods
  The Government of India has selected five companies in the fourth round of the Production-Linked Incentive (PLI) Scheme for White Goods, with a committed investment of ₹863 crore. This central sector scheme provides performance-linked financial incentives to companies manufacturing key components of Air Conditioners (ACs) and LED lights in India, based on incremental sales, and was launched in FY 2021–22, with implementation till FY 2028–29. The Ministry of Commerce and Industry is the implementing ministry and the Empowered Group of Secretaries (EGoS), chaired by the Cabinet Secretary, is the monitoring authority.
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  UPSC Angle: PLI Scheme for White Goods: Five companies selected.

  Key Facts:

  • PLI Scheme for White Goods
  • ₹863 crore (committed investment)
  • Air Conditioners (ACs) and LED lights
  • FY 2021–22 (Launched in)
  • FY 2028–29 (Implementation till)
  • Ministry of Commerce and Industry (Implementing Ministry)
  • Empowered Group of Secretaries (EGoS)
  • Cabinet Secretary (EGoS Chair)
• 2026-01-01 [Economy] — India Inks MoUs for Special Steel Capacity
  The Indian government has signed MoUs for 85 projects with 55 companies to create 8.7 million mt of new special steel and alloy steel production capacities under the Production Linked Incentive (PLI) scheme. The investments committed amount to an estimated $1.31 billion.
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  UPSC Angle: India inks MoUs for special steel capacity under PLI scheme.

  Key Facts:

  • MoUs signed for 85 projects with 55 companies
  • Creation of 8.7 million mt of new special steel and alloy steel production capacities
  • Investments committed: $1.31 billion
• 2025-11-04 [Economy] — PLI Scheme 1.2 for Specialty Steel Launched
  The Production Linked Incentive (PLI) Scheme 1.2 for Specialty Steel was launched on November 4, 2025, to promote domestic production and exports in the steel sector. The scheme covers 22 product sub-categories under four categories: Steel Grades for Strategic Sector, Commercial Grades – Category 1, Commercial Grades – Category 2, and Coated & Wire Products. Incentive rates range from 4% to 15% for five years, starting in FY 2025–26, with disbursement from FY 2026–27.
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  UPSC Angle: PLI Scheme 1.2 for Specialty Steel launched to promote domestic production.

  Key Facts:

  • PLI 1.2 launched on 2025-11-04
  • Covers 22 product sub-categories
  • Four product categories: Steel Grades for Strategic Sector, Commercial Grades – Category 1, Commercial Grades – Category 2, Coated & Wire Products
  • Incentive rates: 4% to 15%
  • Incentive period: 5 years
  • Incentive commencement: FY 2025–26
  • Incentive disbursement from FY 2026-27
• 2025-09-15 [Schemes & Programs] — Centre Reopens PLI Scheme for White Goods
  The Indian government has announced the reopening of the Production-Linked Incentive (PLI) scheme for white goods, with a window available from September 15 to October 14. This initiative aims to boost domestic manufacturing and attract investment in the white goods sector.
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  UPSC Angle: PLI scheme reopening for white goods aims to boost domestic manufacturing.

  Key Facts:

  • PLI scheme reopening: September 15 – October 14
  • Sector: White Goods

India's Tourism Policy and Economic Integration 2047

Focus: National and state-level policy frameworks and economic targets aimed at scaling India's tourism sector and its GDP contribution by 2047.

UPSC Value: Useful for analyzing the synergy between government policy, industry goals, and sustainable infrastructure in the service sector.

5 news items in this theme:

• 2026-02-22 [Economy] — Tamil Nadu Strengthens Tourism Vision with Global Tourism Summit
  Tamil Nadu held its Global Tourism Summit 2026 in Chennai, announcing the Tamil Biennale 2027 and 127 MoUs worth ₹22,794 crore, expected to generate 65,937 jobs. A ₹100 crore Special Area Development Authority for Mamallapuram was created to improve tourism infrastructure.
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  UPSC Angle: Tamil Nadu Strengthens Tourism Vision with Global Tourism Summit.

  Key Facts:

  • Tamil Nadu Global Tourism Summit 2026 held in Chennai
  • Tamil Biennale 2027 will be organized in January 2027
  • 127 Memorandums of Understanding (MoUs) signed worth ₹22,794 crore
  • MoUs expected to generate 65,937 jobs
  • ₹100 crore Special Area Development Authority created for Mamallapuram
• 2025-12-15 [Economy] — National Strategy for Sustainable Tourism
  A National Strategy for Sustainable Tourism has been issued to strengthen sustainability in tourism, with the Travel for Life (TFL) program launched to encourage eco-friendly and sustainable tourism practices. Tourist Police Units have been set up in states/UTs like Telangana, Goa, Kerala, Maharashtra, Odisha, Rajasthan and UP. A 24x7 Multi-Lingual Tourist Helpline (Toll-free: 1800-111-363 / 1363) is available in 12 languages.
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  UPSC Angle: National Strategy for Sustainable Tourism issued.

  Key Facts:

  • Travel for Life (TFL) program
  • Tourist Police Units
  • 24×7 Multi-Lingual Tourist Helpline
  • Toll-free: 1800-111-363 / 1363
  • 12 languages
• 2025-08-19 [Economy] — Uttar Pradesh's Rural Tourism Strategy
  Uttar Pradesh is focusing on rural tourism as a key development strategy, supported by initiatives like the UP Bed & Breakfast and Homestay Policy 2025 and eco-tourism promotion. Karikot's recognition underscores the state's effort to make rural tourism a key development focus.
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  UPSC Angle: UP focusing on rural tourism with UP Bed & Breakfast Policy 2025.

  Key Facts:

  • Focus on rural tourism as a key development strategy
  • Supported by UP Bed & Breakfast and Homestay Policy 2025
  • Eco-tourism promotion
• 2025-08-19 [Economy] — FAITH Unveils 'Tourism Vision 2047'
  FAITH (Federation of Associations in Indian Tourism & Hospitality) unveiled 'Tourism Vision 2047' at the FAITH Conclave 2025 in New Delhi, with the theme 'Indian Tourism-Invincible Spirit'. The vision aims to achieve a USD trillion tourism economy, attract 100 million inbound tourists, provide 20 billion domestic visits, and generate 200 million tourism-related jobs.
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  UPSC Angle: FAITH unveils 'Tourism Vision 2047' for Indian tourism sector.

  Key Facts:

  • Unveiled by: FAITH
  • Where? FAITH Conclave 2025 in New Delhi, Delhi
  • Theme: 'Indian Tourism-Invincible Spirit'
  • Key Targets: To achieve USD trillion tourism economy; attract 100 million inbound tourists; provide 20 billion domestic visits; and generate 200 million tourism-related jobs
  • Increase Tourism Sector Contribution: from 5% to 10% of India's GDP (by 2047)
• 2025-07-19 [Economy] — Government Aims to Increase Tourism's Share in Economy to 10% by 2047
  The Union Minister of Culture and Tourism stated the government's commitment to increasing the contribution of tourism to 10% of India's economy by 2047. Currently, tourism contributes 5–6% to India's $4 trillion economy. The aim aligns with global benchmarks as India's tourism sector, rich in heritage, culture, and diversity, emerges as a global favorite and a key driver of economic growth.
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  UPSC Angle: Government aims to increase tourism's share in economy to 10% by 2047.

  Key Facts:

  • Government aims to raise tourism contribution to 10% of the economy by 2047
  • Tourism currently contributes 5–6% to India's economy
  • India's economy is $4 trillion today, expected to reach $32 trillion by 2047
  • Government aims to raise share of tourism in economy to 10%.
  • Tourism contribution target: 10% of India's economy by 2047
  • Current tourism contribution: 5–6%
  • India's economy expected to reach $32 trillion by 2047
  • Current size of India's economy: $4 trillion

India's 2025 Economic Reform Narrative

Focus: The articulation and implementation of India's 2025 economic reform agenda, specifically focusing on GST 2.0, tax rationalization, and the narrative of reforms as a 'continuous national mission'.

UPSC Value: Useful for understanding the evolution of India's domestic economic policy and the government's communication strategy regarding structural reforms and fiscal policy.

5 news items in this theme:

• 2026-02-13 [Economy] — ET Now Global Business Summit 2026
  Prime Minister Narendra Modi addressed the ET Now Global Business Summit 2026 in New Delhi, discussing India's economic growth, reforms, and trade agreements. He emphasized the government's focus on outcome-centric budgeting and highlighted reforms such as GST, NITI Aayog, and the abrogation of Article 370.
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  UPSC Angle: PM addresses ET Now Global Business Summit 2026.

  Key Facts:

  • Prime Minister Shri Narendra Modi addressed the ET Now Global Business Summit 2026 in New Delhi
  • Summit theme: 'A Decade of Disruption, A Century of Change'
  • India's free trade agreements are being widely discussed and analyzed globally
  • Reforms outside the budget mentioned: next-generation GST, the creation of NITI Aayog, the abrogation of Article 370, the law against triple talaq, and the enactment of the Nari Shakti Vandan Adhiniyam.
• 2025-12-31 [Polity & Governance] — PM Modi Highlights India's Reform Focus in 2025
  Prime Minister Narendra Modi said that the year 2025 will be remembered as one where India “focused on reforms as a continuous national mission”. He highlighted the various reforms the government has implemented this year in a LinkedIn post.
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  UPSC Angle: Not exam-relevant

  Key Facts:

  • India “focused on reforms as a continuous national mission” in 2025.
• 2025-12-06 [Polity & Governance] — PM Modi Addresses Hindustan Times Leadership Summit 2025
  Prime Minister Modi addressed the Hindustan Times Leadership Summit 2025, highlighting India's transformation and reforms, including the GST and direct tax system reforms. He also paid tribute to Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar on his Mahaparinirvan Diwas.
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  UPSC Angle: Not exam-relevant

  Key Facts:

  • The Hindustan Times Leadership Summit 2025 theme is "Transforming Tomorrow".
  • PM Modi spoke of India as a 'trust builder' and highlighted India's Q2 GDP growth rate of over 8%.
  • He mentioned direct tax system reforms, including zero tax on income up to 12 lakh.
  • He paid tribute to Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar on his Mahaparinirvan Diwas.
• 2025-09-06 [Economy] — GST 2.0 Reforms Boost Economy
  The GST Council's 56th meeting on September 3, 2025, unveiled GST 2.0, marking a significant milestone in India's economic reforms by rationalizing rates, addressing anomalies, and easing compliance. These changes, aimed at simplifying the tax system and fostering economic expansion, reflect a collaborative effort between businesses and policymakers to unlock India's growth potential for the coming decade. The reforms include rate rationalizations, addressing structural anomalies, easing compliance burdens and strengthening dispute resolution mechanisms.
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  UPSC Angle: GST 2.0 reforms boost economy.

  Key Facts:

  • GST 2.0 was unveiled at the 56th GST Council meeting on September 3, 2025.
  • Household essentials like soap, toothpaste, and packaged foods now fall under lower tax brackets.
  • GST reduction on cement and construction materials aims to make homes more affordable.
  • Life-saving drugs and critical medical devices have been shifted to nil or 5% GST.
  • Inverted duty structures in textiles, fertilizers, and renewables will be removed.
  • Lower duties on capital goods and intermediates will promote local value addition and support the 'Make in India' initiative.
• 2025-08-15 [Polity & Governance] — PM Modi Emphasizes Self-Reliance and Warns of Demographic Change
  In his Independence Day address, Prime Minister Narendra Modi emphasized self-reliance (aatmanirbharta) and self-respect (aatma samman) as key to a developed India and warned of a conspiracy to alter the country's demographic makeup. He highlighted economic and security-related reforms and said that a nation's self-reliance is the greatest measure of self-respect.
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  UPSC Angle: PM Modi emphasized self-reliance and warned of demographic change.

  Key Facts:

  • Prime Minister Narendra Modi
  • Independence Day address
  • Aatma samman (self-respect)
  • Aatmanirbharta (self-reliance)
  • Warning of a conspiracy to change demographic make up of the country

National Cooperation Policy 2025 Framework

Focus: Multiple reports detailing the rollout, objectives, and specific targets (GDP contribution, village coverage) of the National Cooperation Policy 2025.

UPSC Value: Useful for understanding the overarching policy framework governing the cooperative sector reforms in India.

5 news items in this theme:

• 2025-09-28 [Polity & Governance] — National Cooperation Policy, 2025
  The National Cooperation Policy, launched in 2025 by the Ministry of Cooperation, aims to triple the cooperative sector's contribution to GDP by 2034. It aims to bring in at least 50 crore people under the ambit of cooperatives and make them stakeholders in the equitable growth and is to have at least one cooperative organization in every village in India. Dalits, Adivasis and women are at the core of the policy.
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  UPSC Angle: National Cooperation Policy aims to triple cooperative sector's GDP contribution.

  Key Facts:

  • Launched in 2025
  • Nodal Ministry – The Ministry of Cooperation
  • Aims to triple the cooperative sector's contribution to GDP by 2034
  • Aims to bring in at least 50 crore people under the ambit of cooperatives
  • Target – It is to have at least one cooperative organization in every village in India
  • Focus – Dalits, Adivasis and women are at the core of the policy
• 2025-07-25 [Polity & Governance] — National Cooperative Policy 2025 Unveiled
  The Union Home and Cooperation Minister unveiled the National Cooperative Policy 2025 in New Delhi, aiming to revitalize India's cooperative movement and empower rural, tribal, and marginalized communities through inclusive, tech-driven, and transparent cooperatives. The policy is designed to institutionalize, expand, and modernize India's cooperative sector as a key pillar of economic growth and social equity. The policy aims to triple the cooperative sector's GDP contribution, establish one cooperative in every village, and include 50 crore active members.
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  UPSC Angle: National Cooperative Policy 2025 unveiled; revitalize cooperative movement.

  Key Facts:

  • National Cooperative Policy 2025 was unveiled in New Delhi on July 25, 2025.
  • Aims to revitalize India's cooperative movement.
  • Seeks to empower rural, tribal, and marginalized communities.
  • Aims to triple the cooperative sector's GDP contribution.
  • Target to establish one cooperative in every village.
  • Target to include 50 crore active members.
  • Designed to be a guiding framework for cooperative movement from 2025 to 2045.
• 2025-06-04 [Polity & Governance] — National Cooperation Policy, 2025
  The National Cooperation Policy, launched in 2025 by the Ministry of Cooperation, aims to triple the cooperative sector's contribution to GDP by 2034. It also aims to bring at least 50 crore people under the ambit of cooperatives and have at least one cooperative organization in every village in India, with a focus on Dalits, Adivasis, and women.
  More details

  UPSC Angle: National Cooperation Policy aims to triple cooperative sector's GDP contribution.

  Key Facts:

  • The National Cooperation Policy was launched in 2025 by the Ministry of Cooperation.
  • It aims to triple the cooperative sector's contribution to GDP by 2034.
  • It aims to bring at least 50 crore people under the ambit of cooperatives.
  • The policy focuses on Dalits, Adivasis and women.
• 2025-04-27 [Economy] — National Cooperation Policy 2025
  The National Cooperation Policy was launched in 2025 by the Ministry of Cooperation to triple the cooperative sector's contribution to GDP by 2034. It aims to include at least 50 crore people under cooperatives and make them stakeholders in equitable growth, focusing on Dalits, Adivasis, and women, and targeting at least one cooperative organization in every village.
  More details

  UPSC Angle: National Cooperation Policy 2025 aims to triple cooperative sector's GDP contribution.

  Key Facts:

  • Launched in 2025
  • Nodal Ministry: Ministry of Cooperation
  • Aims to triple the cooperative sector's contribution to GDP by 2034
  • Aims to bring in at least 50 crore people under cooperatives
  • Target: at least one cooperative organization in every village
  • Focus: Dalits, Adivasis, and women
• 2025-04-09 [Polity & Governance] — National Cooperation Policy, 2025
  The National Cooperation Policy, launched in 2025 by the Ministry of Cooperation, aims to triple the cooperative sector's contribution to GDP by 2034. It also intends to include at least 50 crore people under cooperatives and have at least one cooperative organization in every village, focusing on Dalits, Adivasis, and women.
  More details

  UPSC Angle: National Cooperation Policy aims to triple cooperative sector's GDP contribution by 2034.

  Key Facts:

  • Launched in: 2025
  • Nodal Ministry: The Ministry of Cooperation
  • GDP Contribution Target: Aims to triple the cooperative sector's contribution to GDP by 2034
  • People under Cooperatives: Aims to bring in at least 50 crore people under the ambit of cooperatives
  • Cooperative in Every Village: Target is to have at least one cooperative organization in every village in India

Strategic Sectoral Roadmaps for India's 2025-2027 Economic Targets

Focus: Specific growth projections and policy frameworks across the IT, manufacturing, and logistics sectors aimed at achieving mid-term macroeconomic milestones.

UPSC Value: Essential for analyzing the multi-sectoral strategy (Digital, Industrial, and Infrastructure) required to reach India's $5 trillion economy goal.

4 news items in this theme:

• 2025-08-03 [Economy] — Digital Economy and Manufacturing
  Promoting the digital economy and strengthening manufacturing are crucial for India's growth. India's digital economy is valued at 15 lakh crore in 2025, as per NASCOM. Strengthening manufacturing and the 'Make in India' initiative will also help in boosting the economy.
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  UPSC Angle: India's digital economy valued at 15 lakh crore in 2025 (NASCOM).

  Key Facts:

  • India's digital economy is valued at 15 lakh cr in 2025, as per NASCOM.
• 2025-05-12 [Economy] — India's Manufacturing Sector Growth
  India's manufacturing sector is experiencing robust growth, contributing 16-17% to the GDP and employing over 6 crore workers. The sector's exports reached an all-time high of $447.46 billion in FY23, and India aims to increase manufacturing's GDP share to 25% by 2025. Government initiatives like Make in India and the PLI scheme are supporting this growth.
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  UPSC Angle: India's manufacturing sector contributes 16-17% to the GDP.

  Key Facts:

  • Manufacturing contributes 16–17% to India's GDP
  • Employs over 6 crore workers
  • Exports reached $447.46 billion in FY23
  • Aims to increase GDP share to 25% by 2025
  • Manufacturing contributes 16–17% to India's GDP.
  • Manufacturing employs over 6 crore workers.
  • Manufacturing exports reached $447.46 billion in FY23.
  • India aims to increase manufacturing's GDP share to 25% by 2025.
  • India aims to add $500 billion to the global economy by 2030.
  • The HSBC Manufacturing PMI touched a 16-year high of 59.1 in March 2024.
  • Make in India (2014) promotes local manufacturing across 25 sectors.
  • Production Linked Incentive (PLI) Scheme covers 14 sectors and is expected to generate $500 billion worth of additional manufacturing output.
  • Gati Shakti National Master Plan integrates multi-modal transport and logistics.
  • FAME-II Scheme boosts electric vehicle (EV) production.
  • PM Kaushal Vikas Yojana (PMKVY) offers skill development in advanced manufacturing.
• 2025-04-19 [Economy] — Next IAS: India's Logistics Sector
  India's logistics sector is crucial for economic growth, aiming to facilitate the efficient movement of goods and services. Transforming the logistics sector is essential for India to achieve a GDP of US$ 5.5 trillion by 2027.
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  UPSC Angle: India's logistics sector is crucial for achieving a $5 trillion GDP.

  Key Facts:

  • Sector: Logistics
  • Importance: Crucial for economic growth
  • GDP Target: US$ 5.5 trillion by 2027
• 2025-03-29 [Economy] — India's IT Industry Projected to Reach ₹24.3 Lakh Crore in FY25
  India's Information Technology (IT) sector is experiencing rapid growth, projected to reach ₹24.3 lakh crore (US$ 283 billion) in FY25, driven by government support and innovation. Export revenue is expected to reach ₹19.2 lakh crore (US$ 224 billion), reinforcing India's position as a global IT hub. Government initiatives include skill development programs like NIELIT and FutureSkills PRIME, along with infrastructure support through STPI centers and 100% FDI allowance.
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  UPSC Angle: India's IT industry projected to reach ₹24.3 Lakh Crore in FY25.

  Key Facts:

  • India's IT sector is projected to reach ₹24,29,838 crore (US$ 283 billion) in FY25.
  • Export revenue is expected to reach ₹19,23,264 crore (US$ 224 billion) in FY25.
  • NIELIT has 55 centers across India providing IT training.
  • FutureSkills PRIME focuses on upskilling professionals in AI, cloud computing, and cybersecurity.
  • There are 67 STPI centers across the country providing infrastructure support to IT companies.
  • The National Policy on Software Products 2019 (NPSP 2019) promotes indigenous software development.

Strategic Sectoral Roadmaps (Jan-Feb 2026)

Focus: A cluster of high-level national conferences and policy roadmaps released in early 2026 targeting specific economic pillars: AI, Textiles, and MSMEs.

UPSC Value: Useful for studying the synchronized policy push in Q1 2026 across critical sectors (Technology, Manufacturing, and Small Business) to meet 2030 targets.

3 news items in this theme:

• 2026-01-16 [Economy] — NITI Aayog Roadmap for MSME Efficiency via Scheme Convergence
  NITI Aayog released a report in January 2026 outlining a strategic roadmap to streamline MSME schemes through convergence, improve outreach, and enhance outcomes. The report, launched by Dr. Arvind Virmani and B.V.R. Subrahmanyam, recommends a centralized digital portal, legislative reforms, and process convergence to reduce duplication and improve efficiency in the MSME sector.
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  UPSC Angle: NITI Aayog roadmap to streamline MSME schemes through convergence.

  Key Facts:

  • MSMEs contribute around 29-30% of India's GDP
  • The sector employs over 28.7 crore people
  • MSMEs account for about 45-46% of India's exports
  • India has 6.3+ crore MSMEs, with ~51% located in rural areas
  • Government MSME budget outlay rose from ₹6,717 crore (2019–20) to ₹22,094 crore (2023–24)
  • NITI Aayog released a report in January 2026 on MSME scheme convergence
  • Report launched by Dr. Arvind Virmani and B.V.R. Subrahmanyam
  • Recommends a centralized AI-powered digital portal for MSMEs
  • Advocates for repeal of obsolete laws and enactment of welfare-oriented legislations
  • Focuses on integrating government data and aligning schemes with similar objectives
• 2026-01-11 [Polity & Governance] — National Textiles Ministers' Conference 2026 Held in Guwahati
  The National Textiles Ministers' Conference 2026 was held in Guwahati, Assam, from January 8-9, organized by the Ministry of Textiles in collaboration with the Government of Assam. The conference's theme was "India's Textiles: Weaving Growth, Heritage & Innovation", and it focused on policy reforms, infrastructure development, sustainability, exports, and technological innovation. The goal is to make India a global textile manufacturing hub by 2030, aligning with the principle of “Vikas Bhi, Virasat Bhi”.
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  UPSC Angle: National Textiles Ministers' Conference 2026 held in Guwahati, Assam.

  Key Facts:

  • Held in Guwahati, Assam from January 8-9, 2026
  • Organized by Ministry of Textiles and Government of Assam
  • Theme: "India's Textiles: Weaving Growth, Heritage & Innovation"
  • Focus on policy reforms, infrastructure development, sustainability, exports, and technological innovation
  • Aim: Make India a global textile manufacturing hub by 2030
• 2026-01-10 [Science & Technology] — PM Advocates for Localized, Ethical AI in India
  Prime Minister Narendra Modi has advocated that India's AI model should promote local and indigenous content as well as regional languages, he also highlighted the importance of artificial intelligence in driving societal transformation at a roundtable with Indian AI start-ups ahead of the AI Impact Summit 2026.
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  UPSC Angle: PM advocates for localized, ethical AI in India.

  Key Facts:

  • India's AI model should promote local and indigenous content
  • India's AI model should promote regional languages
  • Roundtable meeting with Indian AI start-ups
  • AI Impact Summit 2026 to take place in India in February

Aggregated Sectoral Investment Commitments and Employment Trends

Focus: Multiple companies committing large-scale capital investments in specific sectors or bilateral corridors with projected job creation.

UPSC Value: Analyzes the efficacy of industrial policies like PLI and bilateral trade relations in driving capital formation and employment generation.

3 news items in this theme:

• 2025-11-13 [Economy] — Companies file applications under PLI scheme for white goods
  13 companies have filed applications under the PLI Scheme for White Goods (ACs & LED Lights) with a committed investment of Rs. 1,914 crore.
  More details

  UPSC Angle: Not exam-relevant

  Key Facts:

  • 13 Companies file applications under PLI Scheme for White Goods (ACs & LED Lights)
  • Committed investment of Rs. 1,914 crore
• 2025-10-13 [Economy] — 64 Indian firms commit £1.3 billion investment in the U.K.
  64 Indian firms have committed to invest £1.3 billion (₹15,430 crore) in the U.K., expected to create nearly 7,000 new jobs across sectors like engineering, technology, and creative industries.
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  UPSC Angle: 64 Indian firms commit £1.3 billion investment in the U.K.

  Key Facts:

  • 64 Indian firms
  • £1.3 billion (₹15,430 crore) investment
  • U.K.
  • 7,000 new jobs
• 2025-09-29 [Economy] — World Food India Investment Commitments
  World Food India concluded in New Delhi with investment commitments exceeding ₹1 lakh crore, one of the largest in India's food processing sector. Over four days, 26 leading domestic and international companies signed MoUs, with these investments expected to generate direct employment for 64,000+ people and create indirect opportunities for over 10 lakh individuals.
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  UPSC Angle: World Food India 2025 saw investment commitments exceeding ₹1 lakh crore.

  Key Facts:

  • Investment commitments: Exceeding ₹1 lakh crore
  • Companies signed MoUs: 26
  • Direct employment: 64,000+
  • Indirect opportunities: 10 lakh+

GST 2.0 Sectoral and Structural Rationalization

Focus: Specific policy measures and rate reductions introduced under the 'GST 2.0' framework to address sectoral needs (Agriculture, Healthcare) and structural anomalies (Inverted Duty).

UPSC Value: Understanding the evolution of indirect tax reforms from a broad tax regime to targeted sectoral interventions for economic efficiency and social welfare.

3 news items in this theme:

• 2025-09-23 [Economy] — Changes in GST 2.0
  The GST regime, introduced in 2017, aimed to subsume various indirect taxes into one tax. Current efforts focus on rationalizing the inverted duty structure to ensure that the GST on inputs is not greater than the GST on the final product.
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  UPSC Angle: GST regime focuses on rationalizing the inverted duty structure.

  Key Facts:

  • GST introduced in 2017
  • Objective to subsume 17 indirect taxes and 13 cesses
  • Rationalizing inverted duty structure
• 2025-09-12 [Economy] — GST 2.0 Framework Strengthens Healthcare Chain
  Under GST 2.0, the government has established a framework that strengthens the entire healthcare chain, ensuring smoother operations and better access to medical services. Medical treatment services by hospitals, doctors, and paramedics remain GST-exempt.
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  UPSC Angle: GST 2.0 framework strengthens the healthcare chain.

  Key Facts:

  • No GST on insurance reduces financial burden on households.
  • Lower costs for life-saving medicines improve affordability of critical treatments.
  • Simplified taxes on medical equipment encourage the adoption of advanced technology.
  • Reduced rates on preventive services promote early care and wellness.
  • Medical treatment services provided by hospitals, doctors, and paramedics remain GST-exempt.
• 2025-09-08 [Economy] — Legacy IAS: GST Reforms in Agriculture & Allied Sectors
  GST on agricultural equipment has been reduced from 18% to 5% (tractors, harvesters, rotavators, power tillers, seed drills, planters, etc.) and GST reduced on Bio-pesticides and micro-nutrients to encourage natural and organic farming. The Dairy, fisheries, and processed agricultural products will see higher production and market competitiveness.
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  UPSC Angle: GST reforms in agriculture: Reduced rates on equipment and bio-pesticides.

  Key Facts:

  • GST on agricultural equipment reduced from 18% to 5%
  • tractors
  • harvesters
  • rotavators
  • power tillers
  • seed drills
  • planters
  • Bio-pesticides
  • micro-nutrients
  • GST reduction on cement and iron
  • Rural houses
  • schools
  • Panchayat Bhawans
  • Anganwadis
  • GST Reforms in Agriculture & Allied Sectors
  • Bio-pesticides and micro-nutrients: GST reduced to encourage natural and organic farming.
  • Savings on tractors: 35 HP: ₹41,000 saved.
  • Boosts women-led SHGs, handicrafts, dairy, and small-scale rural enterprises (“Lakhpati Didi” initiative).

Sectoral Terms & Specifics of the 2026 Framework

Focus: Items that focus specifically on the granular details of the final agreement, such as specific commodity lists (soy, almonds), trade volume targets ($500bn), and non-tariff barrier resolutions.

UPSC Value: Useful for understanding the specific economic exchange: India trading market access in agriculture/defense for tariff relief and high-tech imports.

2 news items in this theme:

• 2026-02-09 [Economy] — Impact of India's EU and US Trade Engagements
  India will reduce or eliminate tariffs on select US industrial and agri goods while protecting the broader domestic market, which will benefit consumers due to lower duties on almonds, walnuts, pistachios, and cranberries. India remains the largest global importer of soyabean oil, with the US contributing only 3 per cent of $4.3 billion imports in Apr–Nov FY25, making tariff reduction economically beneficial.
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  UPSC Angle: Impact of India's EU and US trade engagements.

  Key Facts:

  • India will reduce or eliminate tariffs on select US industrial and agri goods while protecting the broader domestic market.
  • India remains the largest global importer of soyabean oil, with the US contributing only 3% of $4.3 billion imports in Apr–Nov FY25.
• 2026-01-11 [International Relations] — India & US Trade Deal
  India has agreed to buy petroleum, defence goods, and aircraft from the US, while partly opening up its agriculture sector under a trade deal, with President Trump announcing that India has agreed to buy more American goods. Purchases may rise to US$500 billion including energy, coal, technology, agricultural and other products.
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  UPSC Angle: India and US trade deal involves petroleum, defence, and agriculture.

  Key Facts:

  • India to buy petroleum, defence goods, and aircraft from the US
  • US tariffs on Indian goods will be slashed to 18 per cent from 50 per cent
  • Purchases may rise to US$500 billion
  • India will offer select market access for agricultural products